Urological

Question 1

Pain

Answer 1

SOCRATES

Loin to groin - urétéric calculi (+nausea, vom)
Intermittent pain - Polycystic kidney disease?

Question 2

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
LUTS
1/3
Filling Symptoms

Answer 2

Filling - urgency, frequency, nocturia

Question 3

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
LUTS
2/3
Voiding symptoms

Answer 3

Voiding - dysuria (pain), hesitancy, poor flow, incomplete emptying, dribbling, straining, spraying (to urinate)

Question 4

Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
LUTS 3/3
Incontinence

Answer 4

Stress, urge, overflow, continuous, bedwetting at night (enuresis)

Question 5

Haematuria

Answer 5

Duration
At what point is blood visible - initially, continually, terminally 
Clots?
Pain*?
Fever/rigors
Trauma/exercise

• pain + haematuria = renal calculus or infection
• no pain + haematuria = kidney/bladder carcinoma, bladder papilloma, prostatic bleeding

Question 6

UTI symptoms

Answer 6

Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
Fever
Acute confusion (especially if old)
Strangury - painful, slow urine with severe urgency and feeling incomplete micturition

Question 7

Chronic renal failure symptoms

Answer 7

Oliguria (little urine produced), nocturia, polyuria (increased urine production VOLUME)

Anorexia
Insomnia
Metallic taste in mouth, urine smelling breath - both from ammonia from too much urea in saliva
Anaemia (low EPO produced) - fatigue
Pruritis
Oedema
Bruising and bleeding - abnormal platelets

Question 8

Extras

PMHx, DHx, SHx, FHx

Answer 8

Past UTIs, Sexual history, diabetic?

Rifampicin can affect urine colour

Diet - beetroot = red urine

Polycystic Kidney Disease - familial