Urologic Cancers Flashcards
Most common Kidney Cancer
Renal Cell Carcinoma (85%)
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Smoking (#1) Obesity (#2) Age (increasing) Male Genetics/Fam Hx
Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma if metastasized
If NOT caught early: 5 Year survival rate is 5%
-Not diagnosed until metastasized
Early + Late Manifestations of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Early
- None
- some found on abdominal CT by accident
Late:
CVA tenderness
Hematuria (cola colored)
Palpable abdominal mass
Renal Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms of Metastases
Often Lung + Bone
- dyspnea
- cough
- bone pain
Treatment: Chemo
4th most common cancer in Men
Urothelial Carcinoma (>90%)
- Most common Bladder Cancer
- 2nd most common Kidney cancer
Urothelial Carcinoma: RF
Smoking (#1)
Male
Occupations with toxin exposure
Low fluid intake (toxins chill)
Bladder Cancer/Urothelial Carcinoma: Symptoms, Early and Late
Early:
-Hematuria
Late:
- Frequency
- Urgency
- Dysuria
Urothelial Carcinoma Treatment
Stage 1: Intravesical Chemo
Advanced Stage: Systemic Chemo
Intravesical Therapy
BCG Vaccine (6-12 weeks)
Stimulates a local inflammatory response
AE:
- bladder irritation
- risk of systemic infection (live bacteria used)
Intravesical Therapy: Instructions
- Empty Bladder
- Dwell time: 2 hours
- Change positions: q 15 minutes (so drug hits all surfaces of bladder)
Intravesical Therapy: Safety Precautions
- No treatment for Immunocompromised pts
- No interaction with others w/compromised immune system
- Urine disinfected 6 hours after treatment w/bleach
Azotemia
toxins that build up when there is lack of filtration
Oliguria
Decreased urine output <400mL a day
Proteinuria
protein in urine (damage to glomeruli allows protein to enter urine)
