Urologic Cancers Flashcards
Most common Kidney Cancer
Renal Cell Carcinoma (85%)
Risk Factors for Renal Cell Carcinoma
Smoking (#1) Obesity (#2) Age (increasing) Male Genetics/Fam Hx
Prognosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma if metastasized
If NOT caught early: 5 Year survival rate is 5%
-Not diagnosed until metastasized
Early + Late Manifestations of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Early
- None
- some found on abdominal CT by accident
Late:
CVA tenderness
Hematuria (cola colored)
Palpable abdominal mass
Renal Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms of Metastases
Often Lung + Bone
- dyspnea
- cough
- bone pain
Treatment: Chemo
4th most common cancer in Men
Urothelial Carcinoma (>90%)
- Most common Bladder Cancer
- 2nd most common Kidney cancer
Urothelial Carcinoma: RF
Smoking (#1)
Male
Occupations with toxin exposure
Low fluid intake (toxins chill)
Bladder Cancer/Urothelial Carcinoma: Symptoms, Early and Late
Early:
-Hematuria
Late:
- Frequency
- Urgency
- Dysuria
Urothelial Carcinoma Treatment
Stage 1: Intravesical Chemo
Advanced Stage: Systemic Chemo
Intravesical Therapy
BCG Vaccine (6-12 weeks)
Stimulates a local inflammatory response
AE:
- bladder irritation
- risk of systemic infection (live bacteria used)
Intravesical Therapy: Instructions
- Empty Bladder
- Dwell time: 2 hours
- Change positions: q 15 minutes (so drug hits all surfaces of bladder)
Intravesical Therapy: Safety Precautions
- No treatment for Immunocompromised pts
- No interaction with others w/compromised immune system
- Urine disinfected 6 hours after treatment w/bleach
Azotemia
toxins that build up when there is lack of filtration
Oliguria
Decreased urine output <400mL a day
Proteinuria
protein in urine (damage to glomeruli allows protein to enter urine)
3 Important Endocrine functions by the Kidney
- Produces erythropoietin (RBC production)
- Activates Vitamin D (calcium absorption)
- Produces renin (helps regulate BP)
- Renin is stimulated with low kidney profusion (increased vasodilation, INCREASING BP with RASS)
The kidney rids the body of what type of wastes via urine?
The kidney maintains what?
Water Soluble wastes
F+E homeostasis
