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Urologic Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main arteries

A

Superior, obturator, inferior gluteal

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2
Q

What is the main artery for women in bladder

A

Vaginal

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3
Q

What is the artery in the bladder for males

A

Inferior vesicular artery

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4
Q

3 nerves in the bladder

A

Hypogastric
Pelvic
Pudendal

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5
Q

Function of detrusor muscle

A

Hold and retain pee

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6
Q

When is the detrusor at rest? Contracts?

A

When bladder filling; while emptying

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7
Q

How much can bladder hold

A

2 cups

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8
Q

What is mucturition? Describe

A

Detrusor reflex

Controlled by brain stem, signal sent when bladder stx

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9
Q

What controls voiding

A

Surrounding muscles, internal urethral sphincter of bladder, external urethral sphincter of urethra

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10
Q

How much creates 1st signal for norm voiding

A

150-200 mL

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11
Q

Rate of normal filling? How much post-void residual?

A

15 drops/min
50 mL

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12
Q

Normal times during day? Night?

A

2-4 hours (5-7/day)
0, but 1 if > 70 yo

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13
Q

What is urgency incontinence

A

Bladder contracts before pt ready to void

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14
Q

What is stress incontinence

A

Urethra too weak to stay closed during increased intra-abdominal pressure

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15
Q

What is upper UT disorder

A

Acute or chronic inflam response in KIDNEY from infect

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16
Q

What is primarily affected in upper UT disorder

A

Renal pelvis

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17
Q

What causes upper UT disorder

A

Bacteria, virus, fungal infection

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18
Q

Upper UT disorder symps

A

Fever
Chills
Unilateral costovertebral tenderness
Flank pain
Ipsilateral sh pain

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19
Q

4 urine descriptions for upper UT disorder

A

Hematuria
Bacteriuria
Pyuria
Nocturia

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20
Q

What is lower UT disrders

A

Acute/chronic inflam response in BLADDER

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21
Q

4 increased risk factors for lower UT disorders

A

Women
Age
Chronic health condition
Urinary cath

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22
Q

Symptoms of lower UT disorder

A

LBP
Pelvic/lower abdominal pain
Urgency
Frequency

23
Q

5 urine characteristics for lower UT disorders

A

Dysuria
Hematuria
Pyuria
Bacteriuria
Dyspareunia

24
Q

What is interstitial cystitis

A

Chronic bladder condition
Recurring pain/discomfort in bladder or surrounding pelvic region

25
Symptoms of interstitial cystitis
Intense pain in bladder or pelvic region Frequent urination Sensation of urgency to urinate Abdominal or pelvic pressure Tenderness of abdomen or pelvic region Intense lower abdominal pain, increases with full or emptying bladder
26
What causes interstitial cystitis flare ups
-caffeine -high acidic foods -stress and anxiety -lack of sleep -pressure and vibratory tasks -vigorous ex -exposure to allergy irritants
27
What is an upper tract obstructive disorder
Nephrolithiasis - kidney stone formation
28
Symptoms of upper tract obstructive disorder
Pain: flank, acute Radiating Back pain or spasms Hematuria Urgency Abdominal mus spasms Chills Fever
29
Name 2 lower tract obstructive disorder
Prostate enlargement or bladder cancer `
30
Prostatitis is most common in who? Common cause?
Men > 50 Bacterial infection
31
S/s of prostatitis
-sudden onset fever -low back/inner thigh/perineal pain -urinary urgency/frequency -nocturia -dysuria -weak or interrupted urine stream -unable to completely empty -general malaise -arthralgia -myalgia
32
Treatment for prostatitis
No cure Symp mgt Abx for infect
33
What is benign prostatic hyperplasia? Common in?
Enlargement or abnormal prostate Greater than or equal to 40 yo
34
Symps of benign prostatic hyperplasia
-urge incontinence -frequency -leaking -post void dribble -nocturia, dysuria, Hematuria -straining to void
35
Tx for benign prostatic hyperplasia
No cure; symp mgt
36
Prostate cancer risk factors
Advancing age Fam hx Genetics Diet Obesity Smoking Chemical exposure Inflam of prostate STD
37
Age for bladder cancer? Avg age?
Over 55; 73 avg age
38
Most common sign of bladder cancer
Hematuria
39
Risk factors of bladder cancer
Smoking Exposure to chemicals/pollutants Not drinking enough fluids Age Race Genetics H/o repeated infections Chemo drugs
40
Common symps of GU disease
Fever Chills Fatigue Malaise Anorexia Wt loss
41
Screening reproductive women for GU disease
-abnorm bleeding -dysmenorrhea -menstrual patterns changes -pelvic mass -vaginal discharge -dyspareunia
42
Screening reproductive men for GU disease
-difficulty stop/start urine -pain -sexual dysfxn -swelling or mass in groin
43
What is urge incontinence?
Leak caused by inability to delay void after perceived sensation bladder is full
44
Common causes of urge incontinence
Detrusor overactive, neurologic disorder
45
What is overflow incontinence?
Mechanical forces urinary retention from over distended bladder
46
6 types of incontinence
Stress, urge, mixed, overflow, functional, neurogenic
47
Common causes of overflow incontinence
Anatomic obstruction; SCI, neuro disorder
48
What is neurogenic incontinence
Damage to cerebral control — leads to retention when no signaling can get through
49
Common causes and symps of neurogenic incontinence
Stroke, n damage, infect UTI, leakage, can’t empty, no urge when bladder full
50
Oxford muscle strength grades
0 - no contraction 1 - flicker 2 - weak 3 - moderate with some lift 4 - good contraction with lift against some resistance 5 - norm mus contraction, strong squeeze and lift
51
Urge suppression technique
When you feel urge but bladder isn’t full -sop, relax, stay still -contract and relax pelvic floor 3-5x -3 to 4 deep breaths -do for 5 mins
52
PT interventions for urinary incontinence - outpt
-core stab -pelvic floor strength -ambulate on treadmill -bladder diary -edu about irritants
53
3 immediately action reason for referral
-blood in urine -bowel/bladder incontinence and/or saddle anesthesia d/t cauda equine -new onset incontinence occurring w/ c/s pain
54
MD referral (2)
-back or sh pain and abnorm pee symps -positive Murphys percussion tests w/ recent h/o renal/urological infection

546 (9 decks)

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