Urolithiasis

Question 1

Which urohydropropulsion do you do in a female/male?

Answer 1

Voiding—female

Retrograde—male

Question 2

Struvite/Mg ammonium phosphate characteristics

Answer 2

Dogs—UTI

Alkaline urine, BIG, SMOOTH, radiodense

Question 3

How do you treat struvite crystals?

Answer 3

Hills s/d

Question 4

How do you prevent struvite crystals?

Answer 4

Hills c/d

Question 5

Calcium oxalate characteristics?

Answer 5

Acidic urine, inc Ca in urine, SMALL, SPINY, radiopaque

Male dogs, acidifying diets

Question 6

How do you treat calcium oxalate crystals?

Answer 6

Surgical, lithotripsy, cystoscopy

Question 7

How do you prevent calcium oxalate crystals?

Answer 7

Hills u/d + H2O
Thiazide diuretics
Potassium citrate
Avoid vit C + D

Question 8

Ammonium urate + xanthine characteristics

Answer 8

DALMATIANS
Hepatic dz
Acidic urine, radiolucent, male dogs

Question 9

How do you tx ammonium urate + xanthine crystals?

Answer 9

Allopurinol—can predispose to xanthine crystals
Diet—low protein (u/d)
Inc pH—K citrate, Na bicarb
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors—Dalmatians ONLY
Supportive—hepatic dysfunction

Question 10

Cystine calculi characteristics

Answer 10

Alkaline urine, 50/50 radiopaque/radiolucent, low protein

DCM risk in large dogs

Question 11

How do you tx cystine calculi?

Answer 11

Thiol drugs —> risks—aggression, myopathy ,proteinuria, anemia, thrombocytopenia, inc liver enzymes, derm changes

Question 12

What are Ca + Phos uroliths secondary to?

Answer 12

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 13

How do pts get silica uroliths?

Answer 13

Poor diets w/ poor protein

Question 14

How do you tx silica uroliths?

Answer 14

Challenging. Remove and change diet.

Question 15

Melamine + cyanuric acid uroliths????

Answer 15

Chinese put in food to increase protein but causes ARF