Urolithiasis Flashcards
Name some risk factors for urolith development
Urine supersaturation with calculogenic substances
Favorable urine pH
Reduced crystal inhibitors
Retention of crystals in urinary tract
Struvite uroliths occur in urine with _________pH
Alkaline
Can struvite be dissolved with nutritional and/or medical management?
Yes!
A female dog with a history of recurrent UTIs presents with LUT signs (pollakiuria, hematuria, stranguria). You want to rule out the presence of ________ stones, so you take radiographs.
Struvite
Key nutritional factors for prevention and dissolution of sterile struvite uroliths
Water!
Limit dietary precursors (Mg, protein, P)
Enhance NaCl (enhances water, keeps bladder flushed)
Acidify the urine!
T/F: A patient that presents with a UTI and struvite crystals should be placed on a dissolution diet long-term.
False - if this is the first episode, dissolution/prevention diets may NOT be needed
Treat the UTI
When do you stop a dissolution diet for struvite?
Continue diet 1 month after negative imaging
What component of cranberry extract may be helpful in managing chronic UTIs? Why?
Proanthocyanidins
Reduce microbial adherence to
Like proanthocyanidins, __________ reduces microbial adherence and can be used in patients with chronic, recurring UTIs
D-Mannose powder
Calcium oxalate uroliths form in _________ urine
Acidic
T/F: Calcium oxalate uroliths can be managed with dietary/medical management
No - require lithotripsy or cystotomy
How can calcium oxalate be PREVENTED nutritionally?
- Limit dietary precursors (Ca, Oxalate)
- Limit protein (Protein promotes urinary citrate excretion and citrate is beneficial againse Ca oxalate)
- Enhance inhibitors (Citrate, Mg)
T/F: some breeds are predisposed to developing calcium oxalate uroliths
True - Mini schnauzers (calciuria) and others
Purine uroliths form in ________ urine
Acidic
Can purine uroliths be dissolved with nutritional and/or medical management?
Yes
