Urolithiasis Flashcards
Struvite uroliths are formed in acidic/alkaline (choose) urine.
(Alkaline)
Struvite uroliths are dissolved by acidifying/alkalizing (choose) the urine.
(Acidifying)
What is a common concurrent problem dogs have when they have struvite stones?
(UTIs)
What is the purpose of administering DL-Methionine to a dog with struvite stones?
(It acidifies the urine)
What should be limited in the diet of a patient you are trying to prevent struvite stone formation in?
(Magnesium, protein, and phosphorus)
What are some things you should consider if you placed a patient with struvite stones on a struvite dissolution diet and they are not progressing as expected?
(Check client compliance, supplement with DL-Methionine to further acidify the urine, culture the urine to check for UTI, and reconsider urolith type)
What should be included in the content of a cranberry extract, which can be used to reduce microbial adherence in dogs with chronic recurring UTIs?
(Proanthocyanidins; d-Mannose powder is given for the same reason)
Calcium oxalate uroliths are formed in acidic/alkaline (choose) urine.
(Acidic-ish, can form in a wide range of pHs compared to other stones)
Calcium oxalate uroliths are dissolved by acidifying/alkalizing (choose) the urine.
(Neither, calcium oxalate uroliths cannot be dissolved)
What should be limited in the diet of a patient you are trying to prevent calcium oxalate stone formation in?
(Calcium, oxalate, protein)
What should be enhanced in the diet of a patient you are trying to prevent calcium oxalate stone formation in?
(Citrate and magnesium)
What is the purpose of administering potassium citrate to a dog with a history of calcium oxalate stones?
(This is done when their urine pH is persistently < 6.5 to alkalinize it and prevent formation of CaOx stones)
Purine/urate uroliths are formed in acidic/alkaline (choose) urine.
(Acidic)
Purine/urate uroliths are dissolved by acidifying/alkalizing (choose) the urine.
(Alkalizing)
What types of food are especially high in purines?
(Organ meats, also shellfish and sardines)
What are the key nutritional factors for prevention and dissolution of purine/urate uroliths?
(Make sure water consumption is adequate, limit protein (especially organ meat), and alkalinize the urine (either via low protein and/or vegetarian diet or use of potassium citrate)
If you are using allopurinol to aid in dissolution of purine/urate uroliths, why must the animal be placed on a concurrent low purine diet?
(To prevent the formation of xanthine stones)
