Urography

Question 1

Kidney Vertebral levels

Answer 1

Supine: T12-L3
L) Ant. to 11th rib
R) Ant. to 12th rib
Erect: 1 vertebral level lower

Question 2

IVU indications

Answer 2

• Hydronephrosis: Kidney swelling due to abnormal drainage of urine from kidney to bladder
• Calculus: Solid particles in the urinary system
• Trauma
• Congenital abnormalities: Horseshoe kidney

Question 3

IVU pt prep

Answer 3

• Serum creatinine levels measured and 2mg/100ml or less
• low residue diet for 24-48 hours before exam, fast for 8 hours
• Bladder emptied before exam

Question 4

Compression

Answer 4

• Placed over ASIS for 5-10 mins

- To compress ureters and fill pelvi-calyceal region

Question 5

VCU/MCU & Indications

Answer 5

VCU: Videocystourethography
MCU: Micturating cystourethrogram
Indications
-UTI
-Dysuria
-trauma

Question 6

Dual energy technique

Answer 6

When a high dose x-ray and low dose x-ray are taken separately and combined to produce an image that shows bones and soft tissue

Question 7

Antegrade urography

Answer 7

Needle pierced through skin into kidney. CM injected to outline renal collection system (x-ray).

Question 8

Retrograde urography

Answer 8

Catheter inserted into urethra and put into bladder. CM is injected and fluoroscopy is used to visualise renal system.

Question 9

Side effects/complications from retrograde or antegrade urography

Answer 9

• Blood in urine after 2 days (haematuria)
• pain in lower abdomen
• UTI