Urogenital system drugs Flashcards
1
Q
What is finasteride?
A
It is 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor
2
Q
Finasteride MoA
A
- Stops the conversion of testosterone to DHT via 5-alpha-reductase
- This will reduce the size of the prostate and improve urinary symptoms
3
Q
Contraindications for finasteride
A
- St John’s Wart
- Depression
- Breast cancer
- Liver disease
- High-grade prostate cancer
4
Q
Adverse effects of finasteride
A
- Impotence
- Decreased libido
- Ejaculatioan disorder
5
Q
What is oxybutynin?
A
- Muscarinic receptor antagonist
6
Q
Oxybutynin MoA
A
- Blocks parasympathetic innervation to ureters and bladder to stop contractions of smooth muscle which cause the need to urinate
7
Q
Oxybutynin contraindications
A
- Urinary retention
- Gastric dysmotility
- Poorly controlled acute-angle glaucoma
8
Q
Oxybutynin adverse effects
A
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
- Facial flushing
- Reduced sweating
9
Q
What is sildenafil?
A
- It is an inhibitor of the enzyme, phosphodiesterase isoform-5 (PDE-5)
10
Q
Sildenafil MoA
A
- It is a structural analogue of cGMP that inhibits PDE-5
- PDE-5 is primary enzyme responsible for breakdown of cGMP
- cGMP elicits relaxation of smooth muscle
11
Q
Contraindications for sildenafil
A
- Use of nitrates in treatment of severe angina pectoris
- Reactions with drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4
12
Q
Indications for sildenafil
A
- Erectile dysfunction:
- Increased smooth muscle relaxation will induce an erection
- Pulmonary artery hypertension:
- Inhibition of smooth muscle contraction pulmonary vascular beds to decrease resistance
13
Q
Sildenafil adverse reactions
A
- Headache
- Flushing
- Dyspepsia
- Visual disturbances
- Myalgia
14
Q
What is tamsulosin?
A
It is an alpha-1- adrenoreceptor antagonist
15
Q
Tamsulosin MoA
A
- Blockage of alpha-1a and alpha-1d adrenoreceptors stimulates smooth muscle relaxation in the prostate
- Causes better urinary symptoms and improved BPH symptoms