Urogenital system drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is finasteride?

A

It is 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor

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2
Q

Finasteride MoA

A
  • Stops the conversion of testosterone to DHT via 5-alpha-reductase
  • This will reduce the size of the prostate and improve urinary symptoms
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3
Q

Contraindications for finasteride

A
  • St John’s Wart
  • Depression
  • Breast cancer
  • Liver disease
  • High-grade prostate cancer
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4
Q

Adverse effects of finasteride

A
  • Impotence
  • Decreased libido
  • Ejaculatioan disorder
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5
Q

What is oxybutynin?

A
  • Muscarinic receptor antagonist
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6
Q

Oxybutynin MoA

A
  • Blocks parasympathetic innervation to ureters and bladder to stop contractions of smooth muscle which cause the need to urinate
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7
Q

Oxybutynin contraindications

A
  • Urinary retention
  • Gastric dysmotility
  • Poorly controlled acute-angle glaucoma
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8
Q

Oxybutynin adverse effects

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Constipation
  • Blurred vision
  • Facial flushing
  • Reduced sweating
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9
Q

What is sildenafil?

A
  • It is an inhibitor of the enzyme, phosphodiesterase isoform-5 (PDE-5)
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10
Q

Sildenafil MoA

A
  • It is a structural analogue of cGMP that inhibits PDE-5
  • PDE-5 is primary enzyme responsible for breakdown of cGMP
  • cGMP elicits relaxation of smooth muscle
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11
Q

Contraindications for sildenafil

A
  • Use of nitrates in treatment of severe angina pectoris
  • Reactions with drugs that induce or inhibit CYP3A4
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12
Q

Indications for sildenafil

A
  • Erectile dysfunction:
    • Increased smooth muscle relaxation will induce an erection
  • Pulmonary artery hypertension:
    • Inhibition of smooth muscle contraction pulmonary vascular beds to decrease resistance
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13
Q

Sildenafil adverse reactions

A
  • Headache
  • Flushing
  • Dyspepsia
  • Visual disturbances
  • Myalgia
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14
Q

What is tamsulosin?

A

It is an alpha-1- adrenoreceptor antagonist

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15
Q

Tamsulosin MoA

A
  • Blockage of alpha-1a and alpha-1d adrenoreceptors stimulates smooth muscle relaxation in the prostate
  • Causes better urinary symptoms and improved BPH symptoms
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16
Q

Indications for tamsulosin

A
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Kidney stones
17
Q

Tamsulosin adverse effects

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Ejaculation disorders
  • Syncope (upon first-dose)