Urogenital Histology and intro Flashcards
Liver basic function
Adjusts the nutrient concentration in cicrculating blood
Digestive system basic function
Absorbs nutrients from food and excretes waste
Urinary System 3 functions
- Excretion
- Removal of organic waste from body fluid
- Elimination
- Homeostatic regulation
- Of blood plasma volume and solute conctration
What are the 5 main Homeostatic functions of urinary system
- Regulate blood volume and pressure
- Regulate plasma ion concentrations
- Helps stabilize blood pH
- Conserves valuable nutrients
- Assists liver
Regulation of blood volume and pressure
- Adjusts volume of water lost in urine
- Releases erythropoietin and renin
Regulation of plasma ion concentrations
- Controlling amount lost in urine of sodium, potassium and chloride
- Calcium ion levels through calcitriol synthesis
Stabilize blood pH
Controlling loss of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions in urine
Kidney Location
- Located on either side of vertebral column
- Left kidney is higher than right
- Adrenal glands lay on top
Kidney position is maintained by
- Overlying peritoneum
- Contact with adjacent visceral organs
- Supporting connective tissue
What are the 3 layers that protect the kidney
- 3 concentric layers of connective tissue
- Fibrous capsule (touching organ)
- Perinephric fat capsule
- Renal fascia
Fibrous capsule
- Layer of collagen fibers
- covers outer surface of entire organ
Perinephric fat capsule
- Thick layer of adipose
- Surrounds renal capsule
Renal fascia
- Dense, fibrous outer layer
- Anchors kidney to surrounding structures
Nephrons
- Mcroscopic tubular structures in cortex of each renal lobe
- Where urine production begins
Blood supply to kidneys
- Kidneys receive 25 % of total cardiac output
- 1200 ml blood flows through kidney each min
- Kidney received blood through renal artery
Afferent arteriole
Carries blood TO glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Carries blood FROM glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
Supply renal tissue, involved in exchanges with the fluid in tubular lumen
Bowmans capsule
Collects glomerular filtrate
Proximal tubule
Uncontrolled reabsorption and secretion of selected substances
Loop of Henle
Establishes osmotic gradient in the renal medulla that is important for the kidney to be able to produce urine in varying concentrations
Distal tubule
- Variable, controlled reabsorption of sodium and water
- Secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions
- Fluid leaving collecting duct is urine and enters the renal pelvis
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
- Combined vascular and tubular component
- Produces substances involved in control of kidney function
