URINE TESTS Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 ways to take a urine sample

A

Catheterisation - tube into the bladder via genitals.

Aspiration - needle and syringe into the bladder via the abdominal wall.

Free catch - collects from a litter tray.

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2
Q

Name the 9 common urine tests

A

1) Visual Examination
2) Specific gravity
3) Dipstick
4) pH
5) Protein
6) Glucose
7) White blood cells
8) Cultural sensitivity
9) Microscopic examination

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3
Q

Explain visual examination urine test

A

In a visual test you are looking at the urine sample to see its colour and consistency.
Is it clear, yellow or amber?
Is it cloudy?
Are there things floating in it, like crystals?

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4
Q

Explain a Specific Gravity (SG) test

A

This is to check urine concentration, a low concentration can indicate kidney failure

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5
Q

Explain pH test

A

This is to test how acidic or alkaline the urine is. The animals diet can affect this but it is a good indicator of the animals kidney function. Also if the urine has crystals in it, you can tell which type by the pH. You can also detect conditions such as kidney failure, diabetes, dehydration and urinary obstructions

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6
Q

Explain protein level in a test

A

The protein levels of the dogs urine will give the vet an idea of how efficiently the kidneys are working

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7
Q

Explain glucose level in a test

A

Finding a large mount of glucose usually means the animal has diabetes

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8
Q

Explain white blood cells in a test

A

A high level of white blood cells would indicate an infection in the bladder or kidneys, it is trickier with females as they can often have white blood cells in their urine samples from their vaginas

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9
Q

Explain a cultural sensitivity test

A

If white blood cells are being found in the urine then sometimes the vet will send the urine to an outside lab for a cultural sensitivity test. They will grow the bacteria in the urine then test it with different antibiotics to see which antibiotic kills it.

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10
Q

Explain a microscopic examination test

A

this is where the urine isd spun down in a centrifuge. This will allow the vet nurse to separate the sediment from the rest of the urine. The types of thing you will be looking for in the sediment are abnormal cells, red and white blood cells, casts, bacteria, sperm and crystals.

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