Urine microscopy Flashcards
What are waxy casts in the urine associated with?
Severe chronic renal disease (broad appearance indicates badly diseased and dilated nephrons)
What are WBC casts in the urine associated with?
Infection eg pyelonephritis
Glomerular disease
What are RBC casts in the urine associated with?
Severe glomerular injury
Acute glomerulonephritis
Lupus
Bacterial endocarditis
Septicemia
What are hyaline casts in the urine formed from?
Protein in the renal tubule
What are granular casts in the urine?
Degenerated cellular material
What are cholesterol crystals in the urine associated with?
Renal disease
Severe UTI
Nephritis
Rupture of lymphatic vessel
What are cystine crystals in the urine associated with?
Cystine calculus
Metabolic disorder w/ aminoaciduria
What are triple phosphate crystals in the urine associated with?
Ingestion of certain foods (cabbage, asparagus)
What are tyrosine crystals in the urine associated with?
Advanced liver disease
What are leucine crystals in the urine associated with?
Severe liver damage
What are sulphonamide crystals in the urine associated with?
Sulphonamide administration
What are uric acid crystals in the urine associated with?
Increased serum uric acid
Uric acid renal stones
What are calcium oxalate crystals in the urine associated with?
Ethylene glycol poisoning (anti-freeze)
Food with large oxalate quantities (tomatoes, apples)
What are struvite crystals in the urine associated with?
Presence of urea splitting organisms that result in an alkaline urinary pH
Which micro-organisms cause struvite crystals in the urine?
Klebs spp
Proteus spp
Corynebacterium urealyticum
What is the true name of struvite crystals?
Ammonium sulphate phosphate crystals
Which crystals in the urine have no pathological significance?
Amorphous urates
Amorphous phosphates
Ammoniumbiurate
Bicalcium phosphate
Triple phosphate
