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Clin Lab Final > Urine Analysis > Flashcards

Urine Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Normal pH

A

4.6-8

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2
Q

Normal protein

A

0-8

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3
Q

Normal specific gravity

A

1.005-1.030

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4
Q

Normal RBC

A

less than 2

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5
Q

Proteinuria can indicate

A 
nephrotic syndrome 
multiple myeloma
complications of DM
glomerulonephritis
amyloidosis
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6
Q

Renal glucose reabsorption threshold

A

180

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7
Q

Urinary leukocyte esterase indicates_________

A

UTI

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8
Q

_____________ are the end products of fatty acid catabolism

A

urinary ketones

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9
Q

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, acetone

A

urinary ketones

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10
Q

urinary ketones are associated with _____________

A

poorly controlled diabetes

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11
Q

conglomerations of protein, indicative of proteinuria

A

hyaline casts

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12
Q

conglomerations of degenerated cells

A

cellular casts

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13
Q

granular casts

A

glomerular disease

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14
Q

fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

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15
Q

waxy casts

A

chronic renal disease

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16
Q

epithelial cells and casts

A

renal tubular casts

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17
Q

WBC and casts

A

acute pyelonephritis

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18
Q

RBC and casts

A

glomerular diseases

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19
Q

Urinary casts are formed in the ________________ and ______________ of the nephrons

A

distal convoluted tubule

collecting ducts

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20
Q

Acellular casts

A 
hyaline
granular
waxy
fatty
pigment 
crystal
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21
Q

Things that contribute to the formation of hyaline casts

A

low urine flow
concentrated urine
acidic environment

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22
Q

The most common type of cast

A

hyaline casts

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23
Q

Result from breakdown of cellular casts or the inclusion of aggregates of plasma proteins such as albumin

A

granular casts

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24
Q

Muddy brown cast

A

granular casts

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25
Q

Cast seen in acute tubular necrosis

A

granular casts

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26
Q

What type of casts are seen with longstanding kidney disease such as chronic renal failure

A

waxy

27
Q

rigid, sharp edges, fractures and broken off ends

A

waxy casts

28
Q

more general term to describe the wider cast product of a dilated duct

A

waxy casts

29
Q

hyaline casts with fat globule inclusions, yellowish-tan in color

A

fatty casts

30
Q

associated with maltese cross sign under polarized light

A

fatty casts

31
Q

Pathognomonic for high urinary protein nephrotic syndrome

A

fatty casts

32
Q

Cellular casts

A

RBC casts
WBC casts
bacterial casts
epithelial casts

33
Q

_________ strongly suggest glomerular damage

A

RBC casts

34
Q

granulomatosis with polyangiitis, SLE, post strepotococcal glomerulonephritis, goodpastures syndrome

A

RBC casts

35
Q

associated with renal infarction and subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

RBC casts

36
Q

WBC within or upon casts strongly suggests ____________

A

pyelonephritis

37
Q

What other type of cast is seen in pyelonephritis?

A

WBC

bacterial casts

38
Q

seen in atn and toxic ingestion

A

epithelial cell casts

39
Q

RBC in the urine is strongly suggestive of

A

acute glomerular nephritis

40
Q

WBC can develop from anywhere in the GU tract-____________

A

pyuria

41
Q

WBC always come from the ___________

A

renal tubule

42
Q

Meth gives you _____ pupils

A

dilated , non reactive to light

43
Q

Meth is detected in blood for _________ days an in urine for ________ days

A

1-3 days blood

1-4 days urine

44
Q

Duration of meth

A

4-8 hours

45
Q

Levels greater than ______ demonstrates drug abuse (meth)

A

200

46
Q

Major metabolite of cocaine

A

benzoylecgonine

ecgonine methyl esther

47
Q

Cocaine is detected in blood for ________ hours and in urine for ________ hours

A

blood 5-6 hours
urine 12 hours
–benzoylecgonine metabolite for 2-4 days

48
Q

Duration of coke when smoked

A

30-40 minutes, peak in 3-5 minutes

49
Q

Duration of coke when snorted

A

60-90 minutes

50
Q

Metabolite of codeine

A

morphine

51
Q

Codeine gives you _____ pupils

A

pinpoint

52
Q

Codeine is detected in urine for ________ days

A

2-3 days

53
Q

Duration of effect of codeine

A

4-6 hours

54
Q

Major metabolite of morphine

A

morphine glucuronide

55
Q

Morphine is detected in urine for _________ days

A

2-3

56
Q

Major metabolites of heroin

A

morphine

6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM)

57
Q

Heroin gives you _______ pupils

A

pinpoint

58
Q

Heroin is detected in urine for _____ days

A

2-3 days

59
Q

Heroin lasts for ____________ hours

A

4-6 hours

60
Q

Major metabolite of pot

A

11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol

61
Q

Pot can be detected in _______ longer than _________

A

urine longer than blood

62
Q

PCP is detected in blood for _______ days

A

1-3 days

63
Q

PCP is detected in urine for ________ days

A

3-7+

64
Q

How long does PCP last for?

A

4-6 hours

Clin Lab Final (4 decks)

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