Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
What is the definition of a UTI?
Presence of pure growth bacteria >10^5 organisms with symptoms
Where can it occur?
Urethritis, Cysitis, Prostatitis, Pyelonephritis
What are the main organisms that cause UTI?
E.coli, Staph Saphrophyticus, Proteus Mirabilis, Enterococci
What complications can predispose to UTI?
Anatomical changes e.g ureteral valves, ureter strictures, functional and pharmacological factors
What is abacterial UTI?
Symptoms of a UTI without the pure growth of organisms-also known as Urethral Syndrome
Are UTIs common?
yes, they account for 1-3% of GP consultations
Who is affected?
1 in 3 women have had a UTI by age 24, they are much less common in men
Risk Factors (11)
Female, sexual intercourse, male exposure to spermicide, pregnancy, menopause, immunosuppression, diabetes, obstruction, stones, catheter, malformation
Signs and Symptoms (15)
Urinary frequency, painful passing, small amounts of urine, dysuria, haematuria, foul smelling, cloudy urine, urgency, incontinence, suprapubic or loin pain, rigors, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, acute confusion
Differentials
Urethral syndrome, atrophic vaginitis/urethitis, enlarged prostate
Investigations (5)
History, examination of bladder and kidneys, urinalysis (leucocytes), urine microscopy and culture, ultrasound of urinary tract
When should a patient be referred to urology? (4)
Persistently not responding to treatment, history of renal tract disease, haematuria, men with 2 or more episodes in 3 months
Treatment (4)
Women= 3 days Trimethoprim or Nitrofurantoin, Men= 7 days
Prophylactic antibiotics can be used for women with recurrent infections
Paracetamol and NSAIDs for symptomatic relief
Hydration
Complications (6)
Pyelonephritis, Perinephric and intra-renal abscess, hydro/pyonephrosis, AKI, sepsis, Pre-term delivery in pregnancy
