Prostate Carcinoma Flashcards
What type of cancer causes it?
Usually caused by Adenocarcinoma of the Glandular tissue
Where does cancer normally occur in the prostate?
The Peripheral Zones (opposite to BPH)
Is it fast or slow growing?
It is usually slow growing but can sometimes be aggressive
Does it metastasise?
Yes, it can metastasise to the bones and lymph nodes of the sacrum/spine
What is involved in local spread?
The seminal vesicles, bladder and rectum
What is needed for Prostate carcinoma to occur?
The presence of Testosterone
Is it common?
Yes, it is the most common cancer in men, causes 26% of male cancer diagnoses, lifetime risk is 1 in 8
What are the risk factors? (10)
Age, afro-Caribbean, family history, food consumption, sexual behaviour alcohol consumption, UV radiation, chronic inflammation, occupational exposure to carcinogens, increased testosterone
Signs and Symptoms (15)
*Can be asymptomatic, nocturia, hesitancy, poor stream, diminished flow, terminal dribbling, obstruction, weight loss, tiredness, bone pain, haematuria, impotence, suprapubic pain, perineal pain, rectal symptoms e.g Tenesmus
Differentials (5)
BPH, UTI, Urinary tract obstruction, Prostatitis, Bladder tumours
What investigations?
Rectal exam, PSA, PCA3 Urine tests, Urinalysis, Urine MC&S, U&Es, Prostate biopsy, Transrectal ultrasound, Xrays, Bone scans, MRI
What kind of staging does prostate cancer use?
TNM
What is the treatment for non-metastasised cancer? (3)
Radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, adjuvent chemotherapy
What is the treatment for metastatic disease? (7)
Analgesia, Hormonal Therapy e.g LHRH Agonists, anti-androgen therapy, radiotherapy for bone mets, chemotherapy, cryotherapy (destroys the prostate), treat hypercalcaemia
Complications (7)
Urinary Tract Obstruction, AKI, CKD, Sexual/erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, metastatic spread, gynaecomastia
