Urinary Tract Infection

Question 1

Gold standard Dx for cystitis

Answer 1

urine culture

>100,000 colony forming units

Question 2

DDx: cystitis

urine culture comes back negative

(sterile pyuria)

what now

Answer 2

urethritis

likely Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Question 3

Most common bugs causing UTIs

Answer 3

E. coli (80%)

Staph saprophyticus (sexually active young women)

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Proteus mirabilis

Question 4

dipstick UA results in cystitis

Answer 4

+ leukocyte esterase

+ nitrites (if Gram - bacteria)

Question 5

Pathopneumonic pyelonephritis finding in urine

Answer 5

WBC casts

Question 6

Population for

chronic pyelonephritis

Answer 6

children with vesicoureteral malformation

several bouts of pyelonephritis

Question 7

Cortical scarring and blunted calyces indicitive of

Answer 7

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 8

Eosinophilic proteinaceous material resembling thyroid follicles found in kidney

indicitive of

Answer 8

chronic pyelonephritis

Question 9

Tx for calcium stones

Answer 9

hydrochlorothiazide

(Ca²⁺-sparing diuretic)

Question 10

Calcium stone

disease association

Answer 10

Crohn’s disease

increase reabsorption of oxalate

Question 11

2 stone types causing staghorn calculi

Answer 11

ammonium magnesium phosphate (adults)

cysteine (children)

Question 12

Which stone types precipitate out at alkaline pH

Answer 12

ammonium magnesium phosphate

calcium phosphate

Question 13

Ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) stone association

Answer 13

UTIs caused by urease + organisms

Proteus

Klebsiella

Question 14

This type of stone is radiolucent

Answer 14

uric acid stone

Question 15

Cysteine stone

etiology

Answer 15

cystinuria

genetic defect of tubules

⇒ decreased reabsorption of cysteine

Question 16

Tx is to alkylinate the urine for all stones except

Answer 16

ammonium magensium phosphate

calcium phosphate

Question 17

EPO is produced by

Answer 17

peritubular interstitial cells

Question 18

Peritubular interstitial cells…

Answer 18

produce EPO

Question 19

Labs in chronic renal failure

Answer 19

hyperkalemia (can’t excrete)

metabolic acidosis (can’t excrete)

salt and water retention

hypocalcemia

renal osteodystrophy due to secondary hyperparathyroidsim, osteomalacia, osteoporosis

Question 20

Patients in chronic renal failure

Tx

Answer 20

dialysis

transplant

Question 21

Size of kidneys in chronic renal failure

Answer 21

small

Question 22

Complication of dialysis

kidneys

Answer 22

renal cyst formation