Urinary Tract Development - Bolender Flashcards
Division of what structure provides for separate outlets for the UG and GI systems?
What subdivides this structure?
What is the precursor tissue of this structure?
The cloaca
Urorectal septum
Splanchnic mesenchyme
The cranial part of the UG sinus forms what?
The urinary bladder and urethra
The lining of the UG sinus is derived from what?
The smooth muscle and CT of the bladder wall is derived from what?
endoderm
surrounding splanchnic mesoderm
What structure is associated with the entrance of the ureters and exit of the urethra?
How is the process forming this structure different in males?
Trigone
In males, additional growth/differentiation along the trigone region forms the mesonephric ducts, which migrate inferiorly and open directly into the urethra rather than the bladder.
What is the fate of the mesonephric diverticulum in males?
Forms the vas deferens
A vesico-umbilical fistula forms due to the failure of what?
Failure of regression of the allantois and urachus
What is extrophy of the bladder?
Are these babies typically healthy? What about gonadal structures?
What are some associated anatomical findings?
A defect in the ventral abdominal wall that causes the lining of the bladder and urethra to be open to the surface.
Yes - typicall healthy except for anatomical abnormalities. Gonadal structures are usually normal.
Associated findings: epispadius (dorsal splaying of the penis), shortened vagina, bifid clitoris
Higher ureteral reflux is associated with greater risk of what?
- greater risk of scarring
- increased risk of associated anatomical abnormalities
- spontaneous resolution less likely
- need for surgical intervention more likely
What is the general treatment strategy for ureteral reflux?
Antibiotic prophylaxis
surgical repair
What is the usual treatment for bladder extrophy?
What is the most prevalent long-term complication?
Surgical repair shortly after birth
Incontinence issues long-term
The caudal portion of the UG sinus forms what structures in males?
In females?
Male: proximal portion of prostatic urethra
Female: Most of the urethra
The pelvic portion of the definitive UG sinus contributes to what structures in males?
In females?
Male: epithelium of distal prostatic and membranous urethra
Female: epithelium of lower half of vagina
The phallic portion of the definitive UG sinus contributes to what structures in males?
In females?
Male: epithelium of penile urethra
Female: epithelium of the vestibule
Urinary obstruction and Prune Belly Syndrome are associated of what anomaly of urethral development?
agenesis and atresia of the urethra
What is a posteiror urethral valve?
Posterior urethral valves are a common cause of renal failure in what population?
Mucosal folds which obstruct the lumen of the urethra
common cause of renal failure in boys (affects males only)
