Urinary Tract Anatomy

Question 1

The urinary system together with genitals develop from _________ and both enter a common cavity: ________

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm; cloaca

Question 2

pronephros appears in the _____ week of developmen

Answer 2

4th

Question 3

the mesonephros in the middle of the 2nd monnth forms a __________ on each side of the midline

Answer 3

large ovoid organ

Question 4

the definitive kidney

Answer 4

metanephros

Question 5

the metanephros appears on the

Answer 5

5th week

Question 6

the collecting system develops from the

Answer 6

ureteric duct/ bud outgrowth of the mesonephric duct

Question 7

the ureteric bud gives rise to the

Answer 7

ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces and 1-3M collecting tubules

Question 8

the fifth and successive generations of the tubules form the

Answer 8

renal pyramid

Question 9

covers the newly formed collecting tubule at its distal end

Answer 9

metanephric tissue cap

Question 10

tubules and glomeruli form _________

Answer 10

nephrons

Question 11

continuous lengthening of the excretory tubule results in the formation of

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule, loop Henle, and distal CT

Question 12

urine formation by the _____ week

Answer 12

10th

Question 13

initially the kidney is in the ______ then later shifts into ________

Answer 13

pelvic region; more cranial position in the abdomen

Question 14

the definitive kidney from the metanephros becomes functional near the ______ week

Answer 14

12th

Question 15

T or F. during fetal life the kidneys are responsible for the excretion of wastes

Answer 15

False, placenta

Question 16

3 capsules of the kidney

Answer 16

Renal fascia (transversalis fascia)
Adipose capsule (perirenal fat)
Capsule proper

Question 17

a fibrous membrane which normally strips easily form the kidney

Answer 17

capsule proper

Question 18

vertical slit on the medial border of the kidney

Answer 18

Hilus

Question 19

the hilus leads nto a wide space inside the kidney called

Answer 19

the sinus of the kidney

Question 20

the calyces unite to form the

Answer 20

ureter

Question 21

the dilated proximal end of the ureter is called the

Answer 21

pelvis of the ureter

Question 22

structures that lie in the sinus

Answer 22

renal artery and veins, calyces, lymph vessels, sympa nerve fibers, and fat

Question 23

right kidney lies lower than the left because of the

Answer 23

volume of the right lobe of the liver

Question 24

12th rib and outer border of sacrospinalis muscle form an angle known as

Answer 24

kidney angle

Question 25

T/F: left kidney is a little shorter and wider

Answer 25

false, longer and narrower

Question 26

the kidneys rests on 4 muscles

Answer 26

above: diaphragm lateral: transversus muscle medial: psoas between preceeding 2: quadratus lumborum

Question 27

the long axis is oriented

Answer 27

inferolaterally

Question 28

transverse axis is oriented

Answer 28

posteromedially

Question 29

the kidneys lie at an _____ angle

Answer 29

oblique

Question 30

which is longer, right or left renal vein?

Answer 30

left

Question 31

the renal artery sends a branch behind the ureter called

Answer 31

retroureteric branch of the RA

Question 32

the renal nerves are derived from

Answer 32

12th thoracic (subcostal) and 1st lumbar (iliohypogastric and iliolinguinal nerves)

Question 33

3 nerves lie in the pararenal fat; they lie between the _____ and _____ muscles

Answer 33

transversus abdominis and internal oblique

Question 34

fascail relations of the kidney

Answer 34

lumbodorsal and renal fascia

Question 35

renal fascia is derived from

Answer 35

transversalis fascia

Question 36

2 layers of renal fascia fuse at the ____ pole but remain separated at _____ pole

Answer 36

upper and lower

Question 37

the perirenal fat lies in the

Answer 37

fascial space of Gerota

Question 38

2nd covering of the kidney

Answer 38

perirenal fat

Question 39

the pararenal fat is located between

Answer 39

aponeurosis of origin of the transversus abdominis and the posterior layer of renal fascia

Question 40

on kidney transplants the incision is made where

Answer 40

above the inguinal ligament

Question 41

expansile muscular tubes

Answer 41

ureters

Question 42

dividing point between the abdominal and pelvic portions of the ureters

Answer 42

ileopectineal line

Question 43

the ureter is an outgrowth from ____ and enter the bladder separately

Answer 43

mesonephric duct

Question 44

the pelvic ureter is divided into 3 portions

Answer 44

``` pars posterior (uterosacral ligament) pars intermedia (mackenrodt's ligament) pars anterior (vesicouterine ligament) ```

Question 45

pars posterior begins at the level of

Answer 45

sacroiliac joint

Question 46

pars posterior reach upper edge of macknrodt's L via

Answer 46

uterosacral ligament

Question 47

pars posterior forms posterior boundary of

Answer 47

ovarian fossa

Question 48

pars intermedia runs in

Answer 48

mackenrod's Ligament

Question 49

pars anterior extends from its entrance into the _____ as far as the ureteral orifice of the bladder

Answer 49

vesicouterine ligament

Question 50

hollow organ that contains urine

Answer 50

urinary bladder

Question 51

during ___ to ____ weeks of dev, the cloaca divides into ______ and _____

Answer 51

4th to 7th; urogeintal sinus and anal canal

Question 52

layer of mesoderm between primitive anal canal and urogenital sinus

Answer 52

urorectal septum

Question 53

initially the bladder is continuous with the

Answer 53

allantois

Question 54

3 portions of urogenital sinus

Answer 54

urinary bladder pelvic part phallic part

Question 55

the pelvic part in males gives rise to

Answer 55

prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra

Question 56

median umbilical ligament

Answer 56

urachus

Question 57

lateral umbilical ligament

Answer 57

atrophied fetal umbilical arteries

Question 58

posteriorly, bladder is supported by the

Answer 58

rectovesical fascia (Denonvilliers)

Question 59

5 coats

Answer 59

serous, fascial, muscular, submucous, mucous

Question 60

extraperitoneal tissue

Answer 60

fascial

Question 61

at the neck of the bladder, the bundles become massed together to form a ring called the

Answer 61

sphincter of the bladder

Question 62

forms a loose connection between muscular and mucous coats

Answer 62

submucous

Question 63

triangular area which occupies most of the inner surface of the posterior bladder wall

Answer 63

trigone

Question 64

the trigone remains ____ even when the bladder is empty

Answer 64

smooth

Question 65

the apex of the trigone is formed by the

Answer 65

internal urethral orifice

Question 66

3 opening into the bladder

Answer 66

2 orifices of ureters | internal urethral orifice

Question 67

the base of the trigone corresponds to a line which passes between the 2 ureteral orifices known as

Answer 67

interureteric ridge

Question 68

the arteries of the bladder are derived from

Answer 68

internal iliac artery

Question 69

supplies the superolateral wall of the bladder

Answer 69

superior vesical artery

Question 70

supplies a branch to the posterior surface of the bladder

Answer 70

middle hemorrhoidal artery

Question 71

the veins of the bladder form

Answer 71

perivesical plexuses

Question 72

the perivesical plexus drains into

Answer 72

inferior vesical veins

Question 73

in males larger veins lie in the groove between the bladder and prostate and form the

Answer 73

vesicoprostatic plexus

Question 74

nerves of the bladder

Answer 74

sympa, para and pudendal

Question 75

filling nerves of the bladder

Answer 75

sympathetic nerves

Question 76

sympathetic nerves of the bladder

Answer 76

hypogastric plexus

Question 77

parasympathetic nerves nerves of the bladder

Answer 77

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 78

emptying nerves

Answer 78

parasympathetic

Question 79

the parasympathetic nerves stimulate contraction of the _____ muscle, elevation of _____ and relaxation of the ______

Answer 79

detrusor muscle elavation of trigone relaxation of interal sphincter

Question 80

voluntary relaxation of the external sphncter are controlled by the _____ nerve

Answer 80

pudendal

Question 81

small masses that develop when urine becomes concentrated

Answer 81

kidney stones