ultrasound and imaging of the KUB Flashcards
layer of fat surrounding the fibrous capsule and fills up the area in the renal sinus
Perirenal fat
fibroareolar sheath surrounding the kidney and perirenal fat
Renal fascia of Gerota
fat that surrounds the renal fascia, more abundant
posteriorly and at the lower pole, fills up
paravertebral gutter and forms a cushion of kidney
Pararenal fat
parts of the kidney
Cortex
medulla
Hilum
2 parts of cortex
cortical arches
renal columns of Bertin
a depression located in the middle of the concave side of the kidney where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and exits the kidney
Hilum
25-30 cm in length and 2-8 mm diameter muscular tubes that extend from the kidney to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
Ureter
Membranomuscular sac which act as reservoir for urine
urinary bladder
bladder neck in males is fixed by
puboprostatic ligament
bladder neck in females is fixed by
pubovesicle ligament
Also known as KUB x-ray
plain abdominal radiograph
why is KUB sx-ray done after bowel cleansing
to adequately visualiz renal shadows
what gives lucent outline to the kidneys
perirenal fat
test of rena function
Intravenous Pyelogram or Excretory urography
this type of imaging is usually done in OR setting
retrograde pyelography
used to detect normalcy of ureter distoal to the level of the bifurcation
retrograde pyelography
disadvantages of retrograde pyelography
Ascending infection
Perforation with hemorrhage
Post manipulative stricture or fibrosis
used to deineate solid from cystic masses
ultrasound
used to asses kidney size
ultrasound
Assess organ vascularity, tumor vascularity and extension of tumors into the venous system
organ doppler
Performed to evaluate the anatomy and physiology of the bladder and urethra
Voiding cystourethrogram
VCUG is the most accurate method in demonstrating
vesicoureteral reflux
Imaging of choice for the evaluation of hematuria and screening examination of the pelvocalyceal system
CT urogram
optimal evaluation of the renal parenchyma with satisfactory assessment of the
collecting system, ureters and bladder
what makes CT urogram a high quality diagnostic study
improved contrast and resolution and demonstration of soft tissues
Substitute for CT when CT is equivocal or use of iodinated contrast agent is contraindicated
MR urogram
MR urogram is effective in evaluation of the
uroepithelium
MRI can characterize
extremely small renal cysts
renal colic is caused by
obstructing ureteral calculus
most common cause of acute flank pain
renal colic
Classic appearance of ureterolithiasis
High attenuation stone within the ureter associated with proximal dilatation and distal contraction of the ureter
urolithiasis is best seen at
IVp
Detects most calculi regardless of calcium content
CT
refleux grade 1
into a nondilated ureter
reflux grade 2
into pelvis and calyces without dilatation
reflux grade 3
mild to moderate ureteropelvocaliectasia with minimal blunting of the fornices
reflux grade 4
moderate ureteral tortuosity and diatation of the pelvocayceal system
reflux grade 5
Gross ureteropelvocaliectasia and ureteral tortuousity with loss of papillary impression
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
CYSTITIS
why is cystitis more common in women
Because of a shorter urethra
radiologic finding is cystitis
thickened and irregular urinary bladder wall
Chronic cystitis causes
irreguarity in the UB wall
chronic cystitis forms
cellules and diverticua
