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A&P 2 Exam 3 > Urinary Sytem > Flashcards

Urinary Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organs of the urinary system

A

the kidneys

the ureters

the urinary bladder

the urethra

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2
Q

function of the kidneys

A

produce urine

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3
Q

function of ureters

A

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

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4
Q

function of bladder

A

stores urine

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5
Q

function of urethra

A

eliminates urine

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6
Q

why is the right kidney lower than the left kidney

A

because the liver takes a lot of space on the right side which pushes right kidney down

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7
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

excretion

elimination

homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

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8
Q

excretion

A

the removal of organic waste products from body fluids

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9
Q

elimination

A

the discharge of waste products into the environment

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10
Q

homeostatic regulation of blood plasma

A

regulating blood volume and pressure

regulating plasma ion concentrations (SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CHLORIDE)

stabilizing blood pH (keeping our 7.4 pH)

conserving nutrients (ex: oreventing nutrient excretion by reabsorption)

detoxification

regulate electrolytes and acid base balance

secrete erythropoietin (STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF RBC)

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11
Q

anatomy of the kidneys

A

left kidney is slighlty more superior than the right

both kidneys and adrenal glands are retroperitoneal (BEHIND THE PERITONEUM)

hilus: point of entry and exit for renal artery, renal nerves, and renal veins and ureter

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12
Q

what are the 2 layers of the kidneys

A

outer cortex

inner medulla (6-18 renal pyramids)

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13
Q

function of major and minor calyces and the pelvis

A

drain urine to the renal pelvis (CONNECTED TO THE URETERS)

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14
Q

what is the functional unity of the kidney

A

the nephron

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15
Q

what does the nephron consist of

A

renal corpuscle

renal tubule

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16
Q

renal corpuscle

A

head of nephron

composed of bowman’s capsule and glomeruli

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17
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

cover of the corpuscle that surrpinds the glomerulus

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18
Q

glomerulus

A

network of capillaries found inside the corpuscle

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19
Q

blood arrives by way of an _______ and departs in an _______

A

blood arrives by way of an afferent arteriole and departs in an efferent arteriole

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20
Q

renal tubule

A

tubular passageway of the nephron

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21
Q

what does the renal tubule consist of

A

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

loop of henle

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

collecting duct

22
Q

what are the 2 types of nephron

A

cortical nephrons : 85% of all nephrons , found in cortex

juxtamedullary nephrons : 15%,
closer to renal medulla,
loops of henle extend deep into renal pyramids

23
Q

functions of nephron

A

production of filtrate: happens at the corpuscle of the nephron

reabsorption of organic nutrients (glucose, amino acid) : happens at PCT

reabsoprtion of water and ions: happens at the tubular passageway (renal tubule). WANT POTASSIUM, SODIUM, WATER BACK. we want to get rid of urea and uric acid so we dont want to reabsorb it

secretion of waste products into tubular fluid: happens at DCT

24
Q

Filtration

A

Blood pressure forces fluid and dissolved solutes out of the glomerular capillaries and into the capsular space

PRODUCED AT THE RENAL CORPUSCLE OF THE NEPHRON

25
Q

The tubular passageway of the nephron is responsible for

A

Reabsorbing organic substrates and vitamins

Reabsorbing water and electrolytes

Secreting waste products

26
Q

Reabsorption

A

2nd process
Occurs in tubular passageway of nephron

One limitation to the filtration process is that the filtrate produced in the corpuscle contain organic substrates, vitamins and other beneficial material

Will reabsorb water and solutes from filtrate

27
Q

Secretion

A

3rd process and occurs in tubular passageway

Transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid into the tubular fluid

28
Q

What are the Processes of urine formation

A

Filtration

Reabsorption

Secretion

29
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

Actively reabsorbing nutrients, plasma proteins and ions from filtrate

Reabsorbing 60-70% of the filtrate produced

Reabsorption of most organic nutrients

Active and passive reabsorption of sodium and other ions

Reabsorption of water

30
Q

Loop of Henley

A

Descending limb

Ascending limb

31
Q

What is the primary function of nephron loop

A

Generate salinity gradient that enables collecting duct to concentrate the urine and conserve water

32
Q

Electrolyte reabsorption from filtrate

A

Thick segment reabsorbing 25% of Na+, K+, and Cl- in filtrate

Water cant follow since thick segment is impermeable

Tubular fluid is very dilute as i enters distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

DCT performs final adjustment of urine

Actively secretes ions, toxins, drugs

Reabsorbing sodium ions from tubular fluid

In exchange for potassium or hydrogen ions (secreted)

34
Q

Urine production maintains

A

Homeostasis

Regulating blood volume and composition by excreting or reabsorbing water, sodium, hydrogen, and other electrolyte

35
Q

Excreting waste products in urine such as

A

Urea

Creatinine

Uric acid

36
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys in one minute

Factors that alter filtration pressure will change the GF

A DROP IN PRESSURE WILL LEAD TO A DECREASE IN GFR

37
Q

Reabsorption along the collecting system

A

Sodium ion, bicarbonate, and urea are reabsorbed

38
Q

Secretion along the collecting system

A

PH is controlled by secretion of hydrogen or bicarbonate ions

39
Q

Composition of normal urine

A

Reflects filtration, absorption and secretion activity of the nephrons

Urinalysis is the chemical and physical analysis of urine

40
Q

The renin angiotensin aldosterone mechanism

A

A system of hormones that helps control blood pressure and GFR

41
Q

In response to a drop in blood pressure, baroreceptors in carotid and aorta stimulate the

A

sympathetic nervous system

42
Q

Sympathetic fibers trigger release of renin by

RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM

A

Kidneys granular cells

43
Q

Renin converts angiotensionogen to

RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE MECHANISM

A

Angiotensin I

44
Q

What converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

IN LUNGS AND KIDNEYS

45
Q

Urine production ends with fluid entering the

A

Renal pelvis

46
Q

Parts of the urinary system that transports, stores, and eliminates

A

Ureters

Bladder

Urethra

47
Q

The ureters

A

Pair of muscular tubes

Extend from renal pelvis to bladder

Peristaltic contractions force urine toward the urinary bladder

48
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Hollow, muscular organ

Reservoir for the storage of urine

Contraction of debris or muscle voids bladder

49
Q

Urethra

A

Extends fro urinary bladder to exterior of the body

Passes through urogenital diaphragm (external urinary sphincter)

Differs i length and function in males and females

50
Q

Urination is coordinated by

A

Micturition reflex

Initiated by stretch receptors in wall of bladder

Urination requires coupling micturition reflex with relaxation of external urethral sphincter

A&P 2 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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