Urinary System Terms Flashcards
Homeostasis
Stable internal environment
Combining forms for urine
Urin/o and ur/o
Combining forms for kidney
Ren/o and nephr/o
Outer layer of the kidney
Cortex
Inner layer of the kidney
Medulla
The functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Cluster of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule that filter blood
Glomerulus
Cup-shaped structure that contains the glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Hollow tubes located between Bowman’s capsule and loops of Henle, involved in reabsorption
Proximal convoluted tubules
U-shaped turn in convoluted tubule of the kidney, located between the proximal and distal convoluted tubes, involved in reabsorption and has ascending and descending loop.
Loop of Henle
Hollow tubes between the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules that are involved in secretion
Distal convoluted tubes
Hollow tubes that carry urine from the cortex to the renal pelvis
Collecting tubes
Area of the kidney where nephrons collect before entering the ureters
Renal pelvis
Irregular cup like spaces that collect urine from the kidney (renal pelvis collects urine from here).
Calyces (singular calyx)
Concave depression of the kidney, point of attachment of the renal blood vessels, nerves, and ureter.
Hilus
Convoluted
Rolled or coiled
Pair of narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureters
Triangular portion of the base of the urinary bladder where the ureters enter
Trigone
Combining form for urinary bladder
Cyst/o
Micturition
Voluntary elimination of urine from the body
Hormone produced by the kidney that stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin
Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland that suppresses urine formation by reabsorbing more water. Abbreviated ADH.
Antidiuretic
Hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates electrolyte balance via the reabsorption of sodium
Aldosterone
Tube extending from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
External opening of the urethra
Urethral meatus
The process of urine production
Uropoiesis
Urine that is cloudy
Turbid
Surgical puncture of the urinary bladder, usually to collect urine
Cystocentesis
Radiographic study of of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been place in the urinary bladder via a urethral catheter
Cystography
Radiographic film of the urinary bladder after contrast material has been placed inside via a urethral catheter
Cystogram
Going backward, can describe the path of contrast material in reverse order of how urine normally flows in the body
Retrograde
