Urinary System (Reynolds)-6 questions Flashcards
Acute renal failure?
a sudden loss of kidney function, usually associated with shock or intense renal vasocontriction, that lasts from a few days to as long as several weeks.
Cystitis?
inflammation of the urinary bladder.
Hematuria?
blood in the urine.
Hemodialysis?
a method of clearing waste products from the blood in which blood passes by the semipermeable membrane of the artificial kidney and waste products are removed by diffusion.
Nocturia?
night urination (during sleep).
Polyuria?
excessive urine output.
Uremia?
retention of urinary constituents in the blood, owing to kidney dysfunction.
Hydronephrosis?
“Water in the kidney” refers to a kidney obstruction and distension/dilation of the collecting apparatus
Renal corpuscle is area of major?
filtration
Macula densa part of the? function?
DCT; Specialized group of cells that can sense osmolarity, thus increase renin to increase blood pressure.
Functions of Kidney
- maintain water balance
- maintain osmolarity of body fluids
- regulate quantity & conc. of most ECF ions (sodium, chloride, hydrogen)
- maintain plasma volume and blood pressure
- maintain acid-base balance
- eliminating wastes
- producing erythropoietin
- producing renin
- convertin vitamin D to active form
What part of duct reabsorbs 65% of filtrate?
PCT
descending loops of Henle is permeable to what
water
Principal cells
Found in collecting duct, absorb NA, secrete K, respond to ADH
Which has higher pressure arteriole or venule?
Arteriole
Glomerular Capsule (Bowman’s) epi? inner layer composed of?
Simple Squamous
Podocytes: foot like extension cells
Glomerular filtrations: 3 layers filtrate must pass through?
- Capillary endothelium (fenstrations)
- Basement membrane
- Podocytes
macula densa?
mass of specialized epithelial cells of the tubule wall. Located in DCT.
Microvilli in which duct
PCT
major functions of nephrons
- glomerular filtrate
- tubular reabsorption
- tubular secretion
Glomerular filtrate contains? and what does it not contain?
water, electrolyte, glucose NOT plasma proteins, RBS, WBC, platlets, albumin because they are too large. Substances greater than 60000 kDa will not pass!
Glomerulus has network of about ___ capillaries. Endothelial lining has?
50; circular fenestrations (pores)
GFR (Glomerular Filtrate Rate)?
rate at which you remove substances from blood.
How does vasodilation affect GFR?
Increase blood flow in glomerulus. Increase blood flow based on dilation of blood vessels.
Normal/average GFR?
120 ml/min (7.5L/hr or 180L/day)
Regulation of GFR based on vasoconstriction and vasodilation of afferent arterioles which results from both?
extrinstic (sympathetic) and intrinsic (local chemicals) mechanisms
GFR equation
insulin concentration of plasma (mg/ml)
urine volume=urine formation
glomerular filtration
movement of material from glomerulus to bowman’s capsule.
tubular reabsorption includes
- secretion
2,reabsorption - filtration
Tubular Load (total about of stuff in the tubule)
GFR
Excretion formula
Filtration- reabsorption + secretion
Action of ADH
Increases water permability of distal tubule and collecting duct; more water reabsorbed aka less water lost in urine.,
ADH deficiency causes
decrease permeability of collecting duct to water; very dilute urine because water can’t exit the collecting duct to body so will be excreted.
Plasma clearance
measure of rate a substance is cleared from plasma by the kidney. Usually expressed as volume. (ml/min)
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Regulation of systemic bp
We have voluntary control of the
external urethral sphincter
micturition
urination
