GI Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Parietal cells

Answer 1

Hydrochloric acid

Intrinsic factor necessary to absorb vitamin B12

Question 2

Chief cells at base

Answer 2

Pepsinogen

Question 3

Enteroendocrine cells in pylorus

Answer 3

serotonin, gastrin

Question 4

Exocrine portion of pancreas

Answer 4

acinar-secrete digestive enzymes

duct cells- secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution

Question 5

Function of liver

Answer 5

Bile formation and secretion into bile canaliculi

Question 6

Chemical digestion begins with secretions of salivary glands via?

Answer 6

salivary amylase

Question 7

bolus

Answer 7

salivary glands dissolve and moisten food–bind food into bolus.

Question 8

3 salivary glands

Answer 8

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

Question 9

saliva aka

Answer 9

deglutition

Question 10

histology of esophagus

Answer 10

stratified squamous

Question 11

Swallowing phases

Answer 11

1. Buccal Phase
2. Pharyngeal Phase
3. Esophageal phase

Question 12

serotonin

Answer 12

is at juncture helping with gut motility and tone.

Question 13

Regulation of gastric activity 3 phases:

Answer 13

1. cephalic phase (receive)
2. Gastric phase (liquify)
3. Intestinal phase (digestion)

Question 14

segments of small intestine

Answer 14

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 15

Peristalsis vs. segmentation

Answer 15

peristalsis-moves food

segmentation-breaks up food

Question 16

Modification of Absorption (to absorb food well)

Answer 16

Length
Circular folds (plicae circulares)
Vili
Microvilli

Question 17

Paneth cells

Answer 17

have anti-microbial effects found only in small intestine

Question 18

Cells in stomach

Answer 18

goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells

Question 19

What layer would you find glands

Answer 19

submucosa

Question 20

Pancreatic alpha-amylase

Answer 20

A carbohydrase
Breaks down starches
similar to salivary amylase

Question 21

Pancreatic Lipase

Answer 21

Breaks down complex lipids
Releases products (e.g. fatty acids) that are easily absorbed

Question 22

Nucleases

Answer 22

breaks down nucleic acids

Question 23

Proteolytic Enzymes, such as trypsin

Answer 23

Proteases break large protein complexes

Peptidases break small peptides into aa

Question 24

In pancreas, duct cells

Answer 24

secrete aqueous NaHCO3 solution

Question 25

In pancreas, acinar cells

Answer 25

secrete digestive enzymes

Question 26

Exocrine portion of pancrease includes

Answer 26

duct cells and acinar cells

Question 27

Accessory organs

Answer 27

pancreas, liver, gall bladder

Question 28

Enzyme that digests proteins into peptides

Answer 28

trypsin

Question 29

Function of digestive system

Answer 29

mechanical processing absorption compaction ingestion

Question 30

Layer of loose CT that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

Answer 30

lamina propria (muscoa)

Question 31

lumen to deepest layer

Answer 31

digestive epithelium-->lamina propria-->muscularis mucosae-->submucosa-->muscularis externa-->serosa

Question 32

haustra

Answer 32

gives you time to appropriately desicate.

Question 33

Function of oral cavity

Answer 33

analysis of material before swallowing mechanical processing of food lubrication digestion of carbohydrates

Question 34

Liver functions

Answer 34

metabolic regulation hematological regulation bile production albumin production for blood osmotic pressure

Question 35

Hepatic traid found at the edges of a liver lobule?

Answer 35

1. hepatic portal vein (blood-->liver) 2. hepatic artery 3. bile duct

Question 36

Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates

Answer 36

gallbladder to release bile

Question 37

Brunner glands are characteris of the

Answer 37

duodenum

Question 38

Secretin

Answer 38

highly impacts levels of bicarbonates and other pancreatic buffers. (Increases pancreatic buffers) Increases bile production

Question 39

Gastic inhibtory peptide (GIP)

Answer 39

inhibits gastrin (when you have fatty large foods need this)

Question 40

CCK

Answer 40

Increases pancreatic enzymes. Will make bile available because will squeeze down on gallbladder.

Question 41

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)

Answer 41

target capillaries and small vessels in the intestine and cause them to be dilated.

Question 42

Enterocrinin

Answer 42

Stimulate mucin production.

Question 43

Gastrin

Answer 43

stimulate parietal and chief cells.

Question 44

Renal corpuscle function

Answer 44

massive filtration.

Question 45

brush border enzymes

Answer 45

Aides in digestion, abundantly expressed on the luminal edge by the microvilli