Urinary System/Procedures

Question 1

The kidneys are _____peritoneal structures

Answer 1

retroperitoneal

Question 2

The ureters enter the ______ aspect of the bladder

Answer 2

posterolateral

Question 3

The ureters lie on the ______ (ant/posterior) aspect of the psoas muscles

Answer 3

anterior

Question 4

The kidneys lie at a ____ degree angle to the coronal plane

Answer 4

30

Question 5

The buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood creates a condition called ______

Answer 5

uremia

Question 6

The part of the kidney where blood is first filtered is called ____

Answer 6

glomeruli

Question 7

The renal veins connect directly to the _____ to send blood back to the heart

Answer 7

inferior vena cava

Question 8

The 8 to 18 conical masses found within the renal medulla are called the _____

Answer 8

renal pyramids

Question 9

The major calyces of the kidney unite to form the _____

Answer 9

renal pelvis

Question 10

The microscopic unit of the kidney (of which there are more than 1 million in each kidney) is called the _____

Answer 10

nephron

Question 11

T/F About 50% of the glomerular filtrate processed by the nephron is reabsorbed into the kidney’s venous system.

Answer 11

false
it’s 99%

Question 12

T/F The Loop of Henle and collecting tubules are located primarily in the medulla of the kidney.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

The three constricted points along the length of the ureters where a kidney stone is most likely to lodge are….

Answer 13

UVJ
UPJ
Pelvic brim

Question 14

The inner, posterior triangular aspect of the bladder that is attached to the floor of the pelvis is called the ____

Answer 14

trigone

Question 15

What must precede any examinations involving iodinated contrast media?

Answer 15

nephrotoxicity assessment

Question 16

The normal range of creatinine in an adult is:

Answer 16

0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL

Question 17

What is the normal range for a patient’s BUN?

Answer 17

8 to 25 mg/100 mL

Question 18

What is the best course of action for a patient experiencing a mild systemic contrast media reaction?

Answer 18

Observe and reassure patient

Question 19

Which of the following is a symptom of a vasovagal reaction to contrast?

Answer 19

cardiac arrhythmia
vasovagal involves hypotension, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, warmth or sweating

Question 20

Define urticaria

Answer 20

hives/rash

Question 21

Define angioedema

Answer 21

facial swelling/swelling in general

Question 22

A true allergic reaction to iodinated contrast agents is classified as a(n):

Answer 22

anaphylactic reaction

Question 23

Tachycardia (>100 beats/minute) is a symptom of a(n) _______________________ type of reaction.

Answer 23

moderate systemic

Question 24

The absence of a functioning kidney is termed…

Answer 24

renal agenesis

Question 25

Complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys is termed

Answer 25

anuria

Question 26

How much do you oblique the patient for the LPO/RPO in an IVU exam? Why?

Answer 26

30 degrees to make the upside kidney parallel to IR and downside ureter in profile

Question 27

Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of ureteric compression?

Answer 27

ureteric calculi

Question 28

An AP axial projection of the bladder requires what type of angle?

Answer 28

10-15 degrees caudal

Question 29

An AP oblique projection of the bladder requires how much obliquity of the patient?

Answer 29

45-60 degrees

Question 30

Which of these conditions includes enlarged kidneys containing numerous cysts?

Answer 30

polycystic kidney disease

Question 31

This exam evaluates the urethra and the patients ability to urinate.

Answer 31

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Question 32

An exam that may be diagnostic and therapeutic is:

Answer 32

hysterosalpingogram

Question 33

What is the UPJ?

Answer 33

ureteropelvic junction - where the ureter meets the renal pelvis

Question 34

What is the UVJ?

Answer 34

ureterovesical junction - where the ureter meets the bladder

Question 35

hematuria

Answer 35

blood in urine (gross/micro)

Question 36

micturition

Answer 36

the act of voiding

Question 37

nephroptosis

Answer 37

excessive inferior displacement of the kidney when erect

Question 38

renal agenesis

Answer 38

absence of formation of a kidney

Question 39

acute renal failure

Answer 39

marked by uremia, oliguria, anuria, hyperkalemia and edema

Question 40

chronic renal failure

Answer 40

results from a wide variety of conditions and may require hemodialysis or transplantation

Question 41

retention

Answer 41

inability to void which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate

Question 42

uremia

Answer 42

excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid in the blood - often present with chronic renal failure