Urinary System/Procedures Flashcards
The kidneys are _____peritoneal structures
retroperitoneal
The ureters enter the ______ aspect of the bladder
posterolateral
The ureters lie on the ______ (ant/posterior) aspect of the psoas muscles
anterior
The kidneys lie at a ____ degree angle to the coronal plane
30
The buildup of nitrogenous waste in the blood creates a condition called ______
uremia
The part of the kidney where blood is first filtered is called ____
glomeruli
The renal veins connect directly to the _____ to send blood back to the heart
inferior vena cava
The 8 to 18 conical masses found within the renal medulla are called the _____
renal pyramids
The major calyces of the kidney unite to form the _____
renal pelvis
The microscopic unit of the kidney (of which there are more than 1 million in each kidney) is called the _____
nephron
T/F About 50% of the glomerular filtrate processed by the nephron is reabsorbed into the kidney’s venous system.
false
it’s 99%
T/F The Loop of Henle and collecting tubules are located primarily in the medulla of the kidney.
True
The three constricted points along the length of the ureters where a kidney stone is most likely to lodge are….
UVJ
UPJ
Pelvic brim
The inner, posterior triangular aspect of the bladder that is attached to the floor of the pelvis is called the ____
trigone
What must precede any examinations involving iodinated contrast media?
nephrotoxicity assessment
The normal range of creatinine in an adult is:
0.6 to 1.5 mg/dL
What is the normal range for a patient’s BUN?
8 to 25 mg/100 mL
What is the best course of action for a patient experiencing a mild systemic contrast media reaction?
Observe and reassure patient
Which of the following is a symptom of a vasovagal reaction to contrast?
cardiac arrhythmia
vasovagal involves hypotension, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, nausea, warmth or sweating
Define urticaria
hives/rash
Define angioedema
facial swelling/swelling in general
A true allergic reaction to iodinated contrast agents is classified as a(n):
anaphylactic reaction
Tachycardia (>100 beats/minute) is a symptom of a(n) _______________________ type of reaction.
moderate systemic
The absence of a functioning kidney is termed…
renal agenesis
Complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys is termed
anuria
How much do you oblique the patient for the LPO/RPO in an IVU exam? Why?
30 degrees
to make the upside kidney parallel to IR and downside ureter in profile
Which of the following conditions would contraindicate the use of ureteric compression?
ureteric calculi
An AP axial projection of the bladder requires what type of angle?
10-15 degrees caudal
An AP oblique projection of the bladder requires how much obliquity of the patient?
45-60 degrees
Which of these conditions includes enlarged kidneys containing numerous cysts?
polycystic kidney disease
This exam evaluates the urethra and the patients ability to urinate.
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
An exam that may be diagnostic and therapeutic is:
hysterosalpingogram
What is the UPJ?
ureteropelvic junction - where the ureter meets the renal pelvis
What is the UVJ?
ureterovesical junction - where the ureter meets the bladder
hematuria
blood in urine (gross/micro)
micturition
the act of voiding
nephroptosis
excessive inferior displacement of the kidney when erect
renal agenesis
absence of formation of a kidney
acute renal failure
marked by uremia, oliguria, anuria, hyperkalemia and edema
chronic renal failure
results from a wide variety of conditions and may require hemodialysis or transplantation
retention
inability to void which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate
uremia
excess of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid in the blood - often present with chronic renal failure
