Urinary System Pathology Flashcards
Round
anechoic center with internal echoes
possible calcs or septations
posterior enhancement
asymptomatic
Complex Cyst
Another name for parapelvic cyst
Renal Sinus Cyst
Round
anechoic
sits inside the renal pelvis
asymptomatic
Parapelvic Cyst
Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
bilateral cortical cysts and masses, increased chance of RCC (renal cell carcinoma)
flank pain, 30s-50s, NO HTN or renal failure
Von Hipple-Lindau
Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
intellectual disability, seizures, cutaneous lesions
multiple cysts or angiomyolipomas
Tuberous Sclerosis
Found in pts on dialysis
Flank pain
Small/echogenic kidney
cortical cysts
Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease
ARPKD
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Rare genetic disease on chromosome 6
Dilation of collecting tubules
Causes renal failure and liver disease
4 kinds (perinatal, neonatal, infantile, juvenile)
Large, echogenic kidneys
Microscopic cysts in parenchyma
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Another name for infantile PKD?
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Adult polycystic kidney disease
bilateral disease
bilateral atrophied cortical tissue with multiple cysts
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease
ADPKD
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease
MCDK
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Most common form of cystic disease in neonates
obstruction in utero
incompatible with life
neonates: multicystic kidney with absence of parenchyma
adults: echogenic atrophied kidneys
Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Most common of all renal tumors
2x more common in males
60s-70s
associated w/ VHL, ACKD, tuberous sclerosis
isoechoic or hyperechoic to kidney
hypoechoic rim with color
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Another name for RCC, hypernephroma, Grawitz’s tumor?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
TCC
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Accounts for 90% of malignancies that involve the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
polypoid appearance attached to mucosa
hypoechoic mass in collecting system
Transitional Cell Carcinoma
rare w/ poor prognosis
associated w/ long-standing nephrolithiasis/staghorn calculi
large mass in renal pelvis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Another name for Wilms’ tumor?
nephroblastoma
renal cancer in peds pt
most common abdominal malignancy in children
most common solid renal tumor in peds 1-8 yrs old
large, solid kidney mass
nephroblastoma
AML
Renal angiomyolipoma
most common benign tumor
more common in females and RK
asymptomatic
hypoechoic <-> echogenic
Renal angiomyolipoma
most common cause of acute kidney injury
damage to the tubule cells from lack of oxygen
bilateral echogenic kidneys
Acute tubular necrosis
Another name for ARF or AKI?
Acute renal failure
sudden episode of kidney failure or damage within a few hours
abnormal lab values
kidneys may not appear bad
enlarged with hypoechoic parenchyma
presence or absence of obstruction
Acute renal failure
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
loss of renal function due to renal disease
pts with diabetes, HTN
bilateral, small, echogenic kidneys
Chronic kidney disease
chronic loss of functioning kidney parenchyma
results from numerous disease processes
renal dysfunction
echogenic cortex
loss of cortical volume
Renal Atrophy
septation of the calyces by backed up fluid
obstructive or nonobstructive
Hydronephrosis
pus within the collecting system
hydro with varying levels of debris
unilateral
Pyonephrosis
Another name for kidney stones or urolithiasis?
Renal calculi
echogenic calcifications
posterior shadowing
twinkle artifact
Renal calculi
Another name for coral calculi?
Staghorn calculi
large kidney stone
asymptomatic
lead to infection
large, hyperechoic structure filling the renal pelvis
Staghorn calculi
Another name for parenchymal calcinosis?
Nephrocalcinosis
diffuse foci of calcium deposits in the medulla or cortex
both kidneys
Nephrocalcinosis
Another name for MSK or intratubular renal calcification?
Medullary sponge kidney
dilation of distal collecting duct causing stasis and stone formation
hyperechoic calyces/pyramids with or w/o stones
Medullary sponge kidney
tissue death
asymptomatic
wedge shaped hypoechoic cortex tissue w/ lack of color flow
Renal infarction
bladder infection
acute or chronic
often caused by bacteria
thickened bladder wall
Cystitis
2ndary to chronic infection/irritation of bladder wall
irregularities along the lumen of the bladder wall
bladder trebeculations
Not detected until advanced
solid mass in the lumen of the bladder
increased vascularity within mass
Bladder tumor
