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Ultrasound 1 > Urinary System Pathology > Flashcards

Urinary System Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Round
anechoic center with internal echoes
possible calcs or septations
posterior enhancement
asymptomatic

A

Complex Cyst

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2
Q

Another name for parapelvic cyst

A

Renal Sinus Cyst

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3
Q

Round
anechoic
sits inside the renal pelvis
asymptomatic

A

Parapelvic Cyst

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4
Q

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
bilateral cortical cysts and masses, increased chance of RCC (renal cell carcinoma)
flank pain, 30s-50s, NO HTN or renal failure

A

Von Hipple-Lindau

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5
Q

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
intellectual disability, seizures, cutaneous lesions
multiple cysts or angiomyolipomas

A

Tuberous Sclerosis

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6
Q

Found in pts on dialysis
Flank pain
Small/echogenic kidney
cortical cysts

A

Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease

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7
Q

ARPKD

A

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

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8
Q

Rare genetic disease on chromosome 6
Dilation of collecting tubules
Causes renal failure and liver disease
4 kinds (perinatal, neonatal, infantile, juvenile)
Large, echogenic kidneys
Microscopic cysts in parenchyma

A

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

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9
Q

Another name for infantile PKD?

A

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

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10
Q

Adult polycystic kidney disease
bilateral disease
bilateral atrophied cortical tissue with multiple cysts

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease

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11
Q

ADPKD

A

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease

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12
Q

MCDK

A

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

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13
Q

Most common form of cystic disease in neonates
obstruction in utero
incompatible with life
neonates: multicystic kidney with absence of parenchyma
adults: echogenic atrophied kidneys

A

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

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14
Q

Most common of all renal tumors
2x more common in males
60s-70s
associated w/ VHL, ACKD, tuberous sclerosis
isoechoic or hyperechoic to kidney
hypoechoic rim with color

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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15
Q

Another name for RCC, hypernephroma, Grawitz’s tumor?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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16
Q

TCC

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

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17
Q

Accounts for 90% of malignancies that involve the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
polypoid appearance attached to mucosa
hypoechoic mass in collecting system

A

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

18
Q

rare w/ poor prognosis
associated w/ long-standing nephrolithiasis/staghorn calculi
large mass in renal pelvis

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

19
Q

Another name for Wilms’ tumor?

A

nephroblastoma

20
Q

renal cancer in peds pt
most common abdominal malignancy in children
most common solid renal tumor in peds 1-8 yrs old
large, solid kidney mass

A

nephroblastoma

21
Q

AML

A

Renal angiomyolipoma

22
Q

most common benign tumor
more common in females and RK
asymptomatic
hypoechoic <-> echogenic

A

Renal angiomyolipoma

23
Q

most common cause of acute kidney injury
damage to the tubule cells from lack of oxygen
bilateral echogenic kidneys

A

Acute tubular necrosis

24
Q

Another name for ARF or AKI?

A

Acute renal failure

25
Q

sudden episode of kidney failure or damage within a few hours
abnormal lab values
kidneys may not appear bad
enlarged with hypoechoic parenchyma
presence or absence of obstruction

A

Acute renal failure

26
Q

CKD

A

Chronic kidney disease

27
Q

loss of renal function due to renal disease
pts with diabetes, HTN
bilateral, small, echogenic kidneys

A

Chronic kidney disease

28
Q

chronic loss of functioning kidney parenchyma
results from numerous disease processes
renal dysfunction
echogenic cortex
loss of cortical volume

A

Renal Atrophy

29
Q

septation of the calyces by backed up fluid
obstructive or nonobstructive

A

Hydronephrosis

30
Q

pus within the collecting system
hydro with varying levels of debris
unilateral

A

Pyonephrosis

31
Q

Another name for kidney stones or urolithiasis?

A

Renal calculi

32
Q

echogenic calcifications
posterior shadowing
twinkle artifact

A

Renal calculi

33
Q

Another name for coral calculi?

A

Staghorn calculi

34
Q

large kidney stone
asymptomatic
lead to infection
large, hyperechoic structure filling the renal pelvis

A

Staghorn calculi

35
Q

Another name for parenchymal calcinosis?

A

Nephrocalcinosis

36
Q

diffuse foci of calcium deposits in the medulla or cortex
both kidneys

A

Nephrocalcinosis

37
Q

Another name for MSK or intratubular renal calcification?

A

Medullary sponge kidney

38
Q

dilation of distal collecting duct causing stasis and stone formation
hyperechoic calyces/pyramids with or w/o stones

A

Medullary sponge kidney

39
Q

tissue death
asymptomatic
wedge shaped hypoechoic cortex tissue w/ lack of color flow

A

Renal infarction

40
Q

bladder infection
acute or chronic
often caused by bacteria
thickened bladder wall

A

Cystitis

41
Q

2ndary to chronic infection/irritation of bladder wall
irregularities along the lumen of the bladder wall

A

bladder trebeculations

42
Q

Not detected until advanced
solid mass in the lumen of the bladder
increased vascularity within mass

A

Bladder tumor

Ultrasound 1 (8 decks)

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