Urinary System Notes Flashcards
organs
2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra Urinary sphincter Urinary meatus
Front view of urinary tract
Kidney Ureter Bladder Sphincter Urethra
Kidney description
Where urine is made
Kidney location
Waist level on either side of back
Kidney color and shape
Reddish brown
Bean-shaped
Kidney size
4” long, 2” wise, 1” thick
Define renal
Means relating to or involving the kidney
Renal fascia
Covers the kidney and helps to protect it
Parts of the kidney
Cortex
Medulla
Renal pelvis
Cortex
Outer smooth layer, contains the most nephrons
Medulla
Middle layer, cone-shaped pyramids that are composed of collecting tubules
Renal pelvis
Inner cavity, where urine goes
Nephron
filters the blood, and produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood
Parts of the nephron
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Convoluted tubule
Collecting tubule
Glomerulus
A cluster of capillaries through which your water, salt, waste, poisons are filtered out
Bowman’s capsule
Surround glomerulus, protects it
Convoluted tubule
Long twisty, wavy tube that leads from the capsule
Collecting tubule
Connects from the convoluted tubule to the renal pelvis area
Where does kidney blood supply come from
Renal artery
How man liters of blood pass through the kidney every day
Greater than 180L
What has a direct influence on the kidney
Hypertension
What can hypertension lead to
Kidney disease
Description of ureters
Tube with small diameter, 1/5 of an inch wide, but 10-12” long
Ureter location
Connects with the hiking from the renal pelvis to the bladder in the back
Function of ureter
Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
Urinary bladder description
Hollow, muscular sack
Urinary bladder location
In your pelvis behind your pelvic bone
Urinary bladder function
Holds urine, the elastic muscle fibers allow it to expand and contract
Capacity
Amount of urine that the bladder holds
First urge to void occurs
When bladder fills to 200-300ml
Bladder is moderately full at
500 ml (the urge does not leave)
Bladder is full at
700-900 ml (we become uncomfortable)
Urethra description
Tube 1 quarter inch width in diameter, 1/2” long in women, 6-8” in men
Location of urethra
Bottom of the bladder
Function of urethra
Brings urine from the bladder to the outside of body
Urinary sphincter location
End of bladder
Urinary sphincter function
Muscle that controls urine output
Urinary meatus description
Outer opening of urethra
Urinary meatus location
At the end of urethra, opened to air by body
Urinary sphincter function
Urine comes out
Urination
Emptying urine from body
Voiding
Emptying urine from bladder
Micturition
Emptying liquid waste from urinary system
Incontinence
Involuntary voiding
Bladder distention
Overly full bladder that you can feel above pelvic bone
Normal amount of urine excreted each day
1,000-1,500 ml
Quantity of urine is influenced by
Fluid intake Perspiration (sweating) Hemorrhage (bleeding) Bp External temperature Medications Diseases Fever
Urine characteristics
Liquid Amber color Clear Acid in reaction Smell - ammonia
Normal “specific gravity” (how concentrated the urine is)
1.010 - 1.025
What might high concentration mean
Patient is dehydrated or have urinary retention
Urine composition (what it’s composed of)
95% H2O Nitrogenous waste Urea Creatinine Excess material Toxins Hormones (Hc6 Lc6) Pigment
When and how is Hc6 Lc6 produced
Produced by placenta when women becomes pregnant (10 days after missed period)
What is pigment
Yellow bial compound
