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Anatomy Module 6 > Urinary System (handout) > Flashcards

Urinary System (handout) Flashcards

0
Q

Conducts urine from bladder to outside

A

Urethra

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1
Q

Conveys urine from kidneys to bladder

A

Ureter

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2
Q

Upper poles of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?

A

T12

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3
Q

Lower poles of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?

A

L3

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4
Q

The hilum of the kidney are located at what level of the vertebra?

A

L1

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5
Q

The right kidney is related to what organs/structures?

A

Liver
Hepatic flexure
Desc part of duodenum
Adrenal gland

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6
Q

The left kidney is related to what organs/structures?

A 
Splenic flexure
Stomach
Pancreas
Jejunum
Spleen
Adrenal gland
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7
Q

Covering of the kidney that can be easily stripped off

A

Renal/True capsule

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8
Q

Surrounds the kidney and helps keep the kidney in its current location

A

Adipose capsule / perirenal fat

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9
Q

Primary attachment of the suprarenal gland is with the

A

Diaphragm

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10
Q

Renal fascia of Gerota is derived from

A

Fascia transversalis

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11
Q

The anterior layer of Gerota’s fascia is related to what structures?

A

Renal blood vessels
Aorta
Vena cava

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12
Q

Posterior layer of Gerota’s fascia is related to what structures

A

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

Consist of structures at the Hilus, eg. Renal vessels, ureters and nerves

A

Renal Pedicle

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14
Q

What do you call the cavity wherein renal pelvis, calyces and blood vessels lie

A

Renal sinus

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15
Q

The sinus is lined by _________ membrane.
A. Membranous
B. fibrous

A

B. fibrous

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16
Q

The parenchyma of the kidney is divided into two structures, namely?

A

Cortex and medulla

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17
Q

Part of the parenchyma of the kidney wherein it is consist of subdivisions called renal pyramids

A

Medulla

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18
Q

Subdivisions of the medulla is known as

A

Renal pyramids

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19
Q

The apex of the renal pyramid

A

Renal papilla

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20
Q

Openings if the renal papilla

A

Cribosa

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21
Q

Cortex: subscapular zone of cortex

A

Cortex cortices

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22
Q

Cortex: portion of the cortex between pyramids and cortex

A

Cortical arches

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23
Q

Cortex: radially directed striations representing bundles of tubules

A

Medullary rays

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24
Q

Refers to the kidney parenchyma served by one papilla

A

Renal lobe

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25
Q

One renal pyramid and its overlying cortex
A. Renal lobe
B. renal lobule

A

A. Renal lobe

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26
Q

Refers to the medullary ray with the immediately associated cortical tissue

A

Renal lobule

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27
Q

Tubular functional unit of the kidney

A

Uriniferous tubulues

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28
Q

Parts of the urineferous tubule

A

Nephron and collecting tubule

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29
Q

Secretory part of the uriniferous tubule responsible with urine formation

A

Nephron

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30
Q

Part of the uriniferous tubule responsible for concentrating urinary solute to form a hypertonic urine

A

Collecting tubules

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31
Q

The two parts of the uriniferous tubule arise from ___________ embryological origin
A. Same

B. Separate

A

B. separate

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32
Q

Funnel shaped structure at the renal sinus

A

Renal pelvis

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33
Q

Both renal arteries arise from the

A

Aorta

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34
Q

Both renal veins drain into the

A

IVC

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35
Q

The kidney consume how much percentage of the cardiac output

A

20%

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36
Q 
Within the renal hilum, the arteries lie \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the vein
A. Anterior
B. posterior
C. Superior
D. Inferior
A

B. inferior

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37
Q 
The renal pelvis lie \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the vessels
A. Supero-anterior
B. infero-posterior
C. Lateral
D. Behind
A

B. infero-posterior

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38
Q

Right renal artery is __________ than the left
A. Longer
B. Shorter

A

A. Longer

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39
Q

The right renal vein is _________ than the left
A. Longer
B. Shorter

A

B. Shorter

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40
Q 
The right renal artery crosses the IVC \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A. Anteriorly
B. Posteriorly
C. Superiorly
D. Inferiorly
A

B. Posteriorly

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41
Q

The ______________ crosses the IVC posteriorly

A

Right renal artery

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42
Q

The right renal artery crosses the ___________ posteriorly

A

IVC

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43
Q

The ___________ crosses the aorta anteriorly

A

Left renal vein

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44
Q

The left renal vein crosses the _______ anteriorly

A

Aorta

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45
Q

The left renal vein crosses the aorta ___________

A

Anteriorly

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46
Q

What are the two branches of the renal artery

A

Anterior and posterior segmental artery

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47
Q

What are the branches of the anterior segmental artery

A

Apical
Upper
Middle
Lower

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48
Q 
Ascend between the pyramids and renal columns with no branches to the renal parenchyma
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
A

A. Interlobar artery

49
Q 
Going to the renal glomeruli
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
A

D. Afferent arteriole

50
Q 
Located at the corticomedullary junction
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
A

B. arcuate artery

51
Q 
Lie between medullary rays
A. Interlobar artery
B. arcuate artery
C. Interlobular artery
D. Afferent arteriole
A

C. Interlobular artery

52
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the RIGHT kidney

A

Paracaval and interoaorticaval

53
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the LEFT kidney

A

Para-colic or Para-aortic

54
Q

Nerve supply of the kidneys is from

A

Renal sympathetic plexus

55
Q

Afferent fibers that travel thru the renal plexus enters the spinal cord at ________ levels to supply the kidney

A

T10, 11, 12

56
Q

Thick walled expandable muscular ducts with a narrow lumen that carry urine from kidney to bladder

A

Ureter

57
Q

Ureter: runs __________ to the peritoneum of psoas
A. Anterior
B. posterior

A

B. posterior

58
Q

Ureter: blood arterial supply

A

Renal
Gonadal
Superior vesical

59
Q

Nerve supply of the ureters

A

Afferent fibers from spinal ganglion (T11, 12, L1)

60
Q

Lymph from the ureter drains to what lymph nodes

A

Lumbar (lateral aortic) lymph nodes

61
Q

Upper ureteral lymphatics joins the lymph nodes of the?

A

Kidneys

62
Q

Middle ureteral lymphatics drain to the

A

Common iliac nodes

63
Q

Lower ureteral lymphatics drain to the

A

Common external or internal iliac lymph nodes

64
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the ureter follow the course of
A. Renal artery
B. renal vein

A

B. renal vein

65
Q 
Located infero-lateral to the FEMALE urinary bladder is the
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
A

A. Prevesical space of Retzius

66
Q 
Located infero-lateral to the MALE urinary bladder is the
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
A

D. Fascia of Denonvillier

67
Q 
Space between the pubic and bladder and is utilized by surgeons to enter the bladder extraperitoneally
A. Prevesical space of Retzius
B. morrison's pouch
C. Pouch of Douglas
D. Fascia of Denonvillier
A

A. Prevesical space of Retzius

68
Q

Parts of the urinary bladder

A 
Fundus
Apex
Body
Base
Neck
69
Q

Part of the UB where you can find the 2 ureteral orifice

A

Body

70
Q 
UB: Ligaments
From back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
A

A. Medial puboprostatic

71
Q 
UB: Ligaments
From apex of bladder to the umbilicus
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
A

C. Median umbilical

72
Q 
UB: Ligaments
From pelvic fascia to the neck of bladder and prosyate
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
A

B. lateral puboprostatic

73
Q 
UB: Ligaments
Stabilizes bladder anteriorly
A. Medial puboprostatic
B. Lateral puboprostatic
C. Median umbilical
D. Lateral umbilical
A

D. Lateral umbilical

74
Q

Triangular area in the interior of the UB bounded by the R&L ureteral orifice

A

Vesical trigone

75
Q

Found at the posterior bladder wall that remains smooth even empty

A

Vesical trigone

76
Q

The ureteral orifices are interconnected by an elevated mucous fold called

A

Interureteric ridge

77
Q

Found at the interior bladder fundus that usually deepens with an increase in intravesical pressure

A

Retrotrigonal fossa

78
Q

Space/fossa where urine usually stagnates

A

Retrotrigonal fossa

79
Q

Ureteral orifices is not circular due to the presence of

A

Vesical crest or uvula

80
Q

Arterial blood supply of the urinary bladder

A

From internal iliac artery

81
Q

Branches of the internal iliac artery that supplies the UB

A

Superior and inferior vesical artery

82
Q

A branch after the gluteal artery that supplies the supero-lateral wall of the bladder

A

Superior vesical artery

83
Q

Supplies the bladder floor, prostate and prostatic urethra
In males, continuation of internal iliac
In females, branch after uterine artery

A

Inferior vesical artery

84
Q

Venous drainage of the UB

A

Prevesical plexus to
Inferior vesical vein to
Internal iliac vein

85
Q

In male UB, blood can also drain to the sacral veins therefore entering what plexus?

A

Vertebral vesical plexus or

Batson’s plexus

86
Q

In the female UB, the vesical venous plexus drains into?

A

Vaginal venous plexus

87
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the UB

A

Anterior - external iliac

Posterior - iliac

88
Q

UB: considered as the filling nerve

A

Hypogastric plexus

89
Q

Inhibition of detrussor muscle will
A. Fill the UB
B. Empty the UB

A

A. Fill the UB

90
Q

Sympathetic innervation of the UB is through what plexus?

A

Hypogastric Plexus

91
Q

Inhibition of detrussor muscle and increased tone of internal urethral sphincter
A. Parasympathetic
B. Sympathetic

A

B. Sympathetic

92
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of the UB is through what nerves?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

93
Q

Considered as the emptying nerve of the UB

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

94
Q

Emptying of the UB
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic

A

B. Parasympathetic

95
Q

Voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter is by what nerve

A

Pudendal nerve

96
Q

Stimulation of the detrussor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter is the action of what nerve

A

Pelvic splanchnic - parasympathetic

97
Q

Female: pouch of peritoneum between the bladder and uterus and is normally empty

A

Vesicouterine pouch

98
Q

Male: bladder is normally free floating except for what part

A

Neck

99
Q

Male: the stability of the neck of the UB is due to what ligament

A

Puboprostatic ligaments

100
Q

Male: between the bladder and rectus

A

Ampulla of vas and

Seminal vesicles

101
Q

Female: between the bladder and rectus

A

Cervix and superior part of vagina

102
Q

Male: bladder neck opens to

A

Prostatic lumen

103
Q

Female: bladder neck opens to

A

Short female urethra

104
Q

Male: what causes the bulge in the UB just beneath the trigone?

A

Posterior lobe of the prostate

105
Q

Female: the extrinsic compression at the superior margin of the UB is caused by?

A

Anteverted uterus

106
Q

The male urethra is normally how long?

A

15-20cm

107
Q

3 parts of the male urethra

A

Prostatic
Membranous
Penile

108
Q

Male urethra: widest and most dilatable part

A

Prostatic

109
Q

Male urethra: a long elevation on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra

A

Urethral crest

110
Q

Male urethra: what do you call the grooves along the sides of the urethral crest that receives openings of the prostatic glands?

A

Prostatic sinus

111
Q

Male urethra: what can you find at the summit of the urethral crest that then opens into the urethra

A

Utricle

112
Q

Male urethra: least dilatable portion

A

Membranous

113
Q

What surrounds the membranous urethra?

A

Urethral sphincter

114
Q

Male urethra: enclosed in the bulb and corpus spongiosum

A

Penile urethra

115
Q

Narrowest part of the urethra

A

External urethral meatus

116
Q

The female urethra is normally how long?

A

1.5 inches

117
Q

Homologue of prostate glands to femalea

A

Paraurethral glands

118
Q

Urethra: blood supply

A

Internal pudendal and gonadal arteries and veins

119
Q

Urethra: Lymph drainage

A

Sacral lymph nodes

Internal iliac LN

120
Q

Urethra: innervation

A

Pudendal nerves

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Anatomy Module 6 (4 decks)

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