urinary system disorders (medication) Flashcards
most diuretics influence levels of that mineral
K+ (potassium)
name two potassium-wasting diuretics
thiazide (slightly k+ wasting)
loop (severely K+ wasting) (-semide)
name an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic
spironolactone
what antibiotic is used to treat UTIs, TB, and meningitis
rifampin
(take 1-2 hrs before a meal)
adverse effects of rifampin
dark colored urine and jaundice = sign of liver problems
name some contraindications for rifampin
avoid alcohol; avoid wearing contacts; diminished strength of antivirals
what type of medication is phenazopyridine HCL (Pyridium)
urinary analgesic
what is pyridium often used to treat
symptoms of UTIs (pain, burning, etc)
what is pyridium often taken with
antibiotic treatment
adverse effects of pyridium
dark colored urine and jaundice = sign of liver problems
contraindications for pyridium
avoid alcohol; avoid wearing contacts
side effects of rifampin and pyridium
- temporary discoloration of teeth and secretions (red/orange color(
- soft contact lenses may be permanently stained
- GI issues (N/V/D, pain, loss of appetite)
cholinergic drugs mimic the effects of acetylcholine and stimulate the
parasympathetic nervous system (rest, digest, secrete)
(primarily used to stimulate the intestine and the bladder)
____-acting cholinergic agents bind to cholinergic receptors and activate them
direct
____-acting cholinergic agents stimulate the release of acetylcholine
indirect
bethanechol is a ______ drug that contracts detrusor muscle; causes increased bladder and GI tract tone and motility. Causes the sphincters in the bladder and GI tract to relax and allow them to empty
cholinergic
what is the antidote for cholinergic overdose
atropine
bethanechol is helpful for what and used to treat what
- postsurgical bladder and GI atony (weakness)
- treats urinary retention and urinary incotinence
what two ways can bethanechol be given
oral or SQ
when taking bethanechol you must urinate within __
60 minutes
side effects of bethanechol
bradycardia
adverse effects of bethanechol
bronchospasm, GI upset, hypotension, syncope
contraindications for bethanechol
Bradycardia, peptic ulcer disease, asthma attack, cardiac disease, GI/GU obstructions
symptoms of a cholinergic crisis
- Abdominal cramping, N/V/D
- Flushing of skin
- Hypotension, dizziness, bronchial spasms & wheezing
- Salivation, lacrimation, bradycardia
what classification of drug is atropine
anti-cholinergic
GU indications for anti-cholinergic drugs
relax detrusor muscle and increase constriction of internal sphincter
(neurogenic bladder, urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence)
if an anticholinergic drug is too effective what might it result in
urinary retention
for the CNS anticholinergic drugs can be taken to do what
decrease muscle rigidity and tremors
for the GI tract, anticholinergic drugs can be taken to do what
decrease GI secretions, salivation; decrease mobility and peristalsis
antidote for overdose of anti-cholinergic drugs
physostigmine
side effects of anticholinergic drugs
- dry mouth (chew gum, mouth care, hard candy)
- heat exhaustion due to decreased sweating with physical exertion and high temperatures
adverse effects of anticholinergics that should be reported
urinary hesitancy and/or retention, constipation, tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, confusion, sedation, hallucinations, decreased sweating (leading to hot, dry skin)
tamsulosin is what type of drug
adrenergic-blocking
action of adrenergic-blocking drugs
Block alpha1 -> receptors relaxes smooth muscle of bladder and prostate -> improves urination
when should tamsulosin be taken
in the morning with food
side effects of tamsulosin
first dose phenomenon
