Urinary system chapter 26

Question 1

What are the components of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

On average, how much urine can the urinary bladder hold?

Answer 2

700-800 mL

Question 3

What is the micturition reflex?

Answer 3

the act of emptying the bladder

Question 4

What are the components of the male urethra?

Answer 4

prostatic, membranous, spongy

Question 5

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 5

remove substances from blood, form urine, regulate metabolic processes

Question 6

What constitutes the renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

glomerulus, glomerular capsule, afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles

Question 7

What constitutes the renal tubule?

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Question 8

What is meant by glomerular filtration?

Answer 8

forces filtration of waste-lade blood into the glomerulus

Question 9

What is meant by tubular reabsorption?

Answer 9

the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the body

Question 10

What is meant by tubular secretion

Answer 10

the movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate

Question 11

What makes up the glomerular filtrate?

Answer 11

same composition as blood plasma minus the plasma proteins

Question 12

Explain glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 12

the pressure exerted by the blood from entering into the capillaries, it pushes fluid out of the capillary network and into the capsule

Question 13

Explain glomerular capillary osmotic pressure

Answer 13

pulls water back into the capillary due to plasma proteins in the blood

Question 14

Explain capsular hydrostatic pressure

Answer 14

pushes water back into capillaries due to the expansion of the capsule

Question 15

What is the GFR?

Answer 15

blood hydrostatic pressure - blood osmotic colloid pressure - capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 16

How does vasoconstriction affect the GFR?

Answer 16

decreases GFR

Question 17

How does vasodilation affect the GFR?

Answer 17

increases GFR

Question 18

What happens to GFR when BP drops?

Answer 18

it decreases

Question 19

How does the kidney auto-regulate the GFR?

Answer 19

it constricts and dilates the afferent arterioles

Question 20

How does the sympathetic impulses affect the GFR?

Answer 20

releases norepinephrine causing constriction of the afferent arterioles

Question 21

How does Angiotensin II affect GFR and/or urine formation?

Answer 21

Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, decreasing GFR and urine formation

Question 22

How does aldosterone affect GFR and/or urine formation?

Answer 22

causes the retention of sodium, therefore retention of water; decreases urine formation

Question 23

How does ANP affect GFR and/or urine formation?

Answer 23

released by the atria of the heart, causes the glomerulus to relaxes, decreasing the capsular pressure, increasing GFR/urine production

Question 24

How does ADH affect GFR and/or urine formation?

Answer 24

causes collecting duct to become more permeable to water, allowing the body to retain more water, decreasing urine production

Question 25

What is meant by tubular reabsorption?

Answer 25

process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the renal blood vessels

Question 26

Where does most reabsorption take place?

Answer 26

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 27

Define isotonic.

Answer 27

equal concentrations of solute and water

Question 28

Define hyptonic

Answer 28

less solute, more water

Question 29

define hypertonic

Answer 29

more solute, less water

Question 30

What is tubular secretion

Answer 30

movement of substances from the capillaries which surround the nephron into the filtrate

Question 31

What are the components of urine?

Answer 31

water, urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 32

What is the normal amount of urine excreted by the horus?

Answer 32

50-60 mL

Question 33

What amount of urine per hour might indicate kidney failure?

Answer 33

<30mL/hr

Question 34

What does BUN mean and what does it measure?

Answer 34

Blood urea nitrogen, measures nitrogen wastes in blood from catabolism and deamination of amino acids

Question 35

How does creatinine clearance test help determine GFR?

Answer 35

measures the amount creatinine in the blood, which increases in states of renal dysfunction

Question 36

af-

Answer 36

to

Question 37

glom-

Answer 37

little ball

Question 38

juxta-

Answer 38

near to

Question 39

calyc-

Answer 39

small cup

Question 40

mict-

Answer 40

to pass urine

Question 41

detrus-

Answer 41

to force away

Question 42

cort-

Answer 42

covering

Question 43

papill-

Answer 43

nipple

Question 44

nephr-

Answer 44

pertaining to the kidney

Question 45

cyst-

Answer 45

bladder

Question 46

ren-

Answer 46

kidney

Question 47

trigon-

Answer 47

triangular shape

Question 48

prox-

Answer 48

nearest