Urinary system chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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2
Q

On average, how much urine can the urinary bladder hold?

A

700-800 mL

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3
Q

What is the micturition reflex?

A

the act of emptying the bladder

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4
Q

What are the components of the male urethra?

A

prostatic, membranous, spongy

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5
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

remove substances from blood, form urine, regulate metabolic processes

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6
Q

What constitutes the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus, glomerular capsule, afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles

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7
Q

What constitutes the renal tubule?

A

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

What is meant by glomerular filtration?

A

forces filtration of waste-lade blood into the glomerulus

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9
Q

What is meant by tubular reabsorption?

A

the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the body

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10
Q

What is meant by tubular secretion

A

the movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate

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11
Q

What makes up the glomerular filtrate?

A

same composition as blood plasma minus the plasma proteins

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12
Q

Explain glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure exerted by the blood from entering into the capillaries, it pushes fluid out of the capillary network and into the capsule

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13
Q

Explain glomerular capillary osmotic pressure

A

pulls water back into the capillary due to plasma proteins in the blood

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14
Q

Explain capsular hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes water back into capillaries due to the expansion of the capsule

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15
Q

What is the GFR?

A

blood hydrostatic pressure - blood osmotic colloid pressure - capsular hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

How does vasoconstriction affect the GFR?

A

decreases GFR

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17
Q

How does vasodilation affect the GFR?

A

increases GFR

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18
Q

What happens to GFR when BP drops?

A

it decreases

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19
Q

How does the kidney auto-regulate the GFR?

A

it constricts and dilates the afferent arterioles

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20
Q

How does the sympathetic impulses affect the GFR?

A

releases norepinephrine causing constriction of the afferent arterioles

21
Q

How does Angiotensin II affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, decreasing GFR and urine formation

22
Q

How does aldosterone affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

causes the retention of sodium, therefore retention of water; decreases urine formation

23
Q

How does ANP affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

released by the atria of the heart, causes the glomerulus to relaxes, decreasing the capsular pressure, increasing GFR/urine production

24
Q

How does ADH affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

causes collecting duct to become more permeable to water, allowing the body to retain more water, decreasing urine production

25
What is meant by tubular reabsorption?
process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the renal blood vessels
26
Where does most reabsorption take place?
proximal convoluted tubule
27
Define isotonic.
equal concentrations of solute and water
28
Define hyptonic
less solute, more water
29
define hypertonic
more solute, less water
30
What is tubular secretion
movement of substances from the capillaries which surround the nephron into the filtrate
31
What are the components of urine?
water, urea, uric acid, creatinine
32
What is the normal amount of urine excreted by the horus?
50-60 mL
33
What amount of urine per hour might indicate kidney failure?
<30mL/hr
34
What does BUN mean and what does it measure?
Blood urea nitrogen, measures nitrogen wastes in blood from catabolism and deamination of amino acids
35
How does creatinine clearance test help determine GFR?
measures the amount creatinine in the blood, which increases in states of renal dysfunction
36
af-
to
37
glom-
little ball
38
juxta-
near to
39
calyc-
small cup
40
mict-
to pass urine
41
detrus-
to force away
42
cort-
covering
43
papill-
nipple
44
nephr-
pertaining to the kidney
45
cyst-
bladder
46
ren-
kidney
47
trigon-
triangular shape
48
prox-
nearest