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Lecture Exam 5 Chapters > Urinary system chapter 26 > Flashcards

Urinary system chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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2
Q

On average, how much urine can the urinary bladder hold?

A

700-800 mL

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3
Q

What is the micturition reflex?

A

the act of emptying the bladder

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4
Q

What are the components of the male urethra?

A

prostatic, membranous, spongy

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5
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A

remove substances from blood, form urine, regulate metabolic processes

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6
Q

What constitutes the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus, glomerular capsule, afferent arterioles, efferent arterioles

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7
Q

What constitutes the renal tubule?

A

proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

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8
Q

What is meant by glomerular filtration?

A

forces filtration of waste-lade blood into the glomerulus

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9
Q

What is meant by tubular reabsorption?

A

the process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the body

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10
Q

What is meant by tubular secretion

A

the movement of waste materials from the body to the filtrate

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11
Q

What makes up the glomerular filtrate?

A

same composition as blood plasma minus the plasma proteins

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12
Q

Explain glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure exerted by the blood from entering into the capillaries, it pushes fluid out of the capillary network and into the capsule

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13
Q

Explain glomerular capillary osmotic pressure

A

pulls water back into the capillary due to plasma proteins in the blood

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14
Q

Explain capsular hydrostatic pressure

A

pushes water back into capillaries due to the expansion of the capsule

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15
Q

What is the GFR?

A

blood hydrostatic pressure - blood osmotic colloid pressure - capsular hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

How does vasoconstriction affect the GFR?

A

decreases GFR

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17
Q

How does vasodilation affect the GFR?

A

increases GFR

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18
Q

What happens to GFR when BP drops?

A

it decreases

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19
Q

How does the kidney auto-regulate the GFR?

A

it constricts and dilates the afferent arterioles

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20
Q

How does the sympathetic impulses affect the GFR?

A

releases norepinephrine causing constriction of the afferent arterioles

21
Q

How does Angiotensin II affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor, decreasing GFR and urine formation

22
Q

How does aldosterone affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

causes the retention of sodium, therefore retention of water; decreases urine formation

23
Q

How does ANP affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

released by the atria of the heart, causes the glomerulus to relaxes, decreasing the capsular pressure, increasing GFR/urine production

24
Q

How does ADH affect GFR and/or urine formation?

A

causes collecting duct to become more permeable to water, allowing the body to retain more water, decreasing urine production

25
Q

What is meant by tubular reabsorption?

A

process of returning important substances from the filtrate back into the renal blood vessels

26
Q

Where does most reabsorption take place?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

27
Q

Define isotonic.

A

equal concentrations of solute and water

28
Q

Define hyptonic

A

less solute, more water

29
Q

define hypertonic

A

more solute, less water

30
Q

What is tubular secretion

A

movement of substances from the capillaries which surround the nephron into the filtrate

31
Q

What are the components of urine?

A

water, urea, uric acid, creatinine

32
Q

What is the normal amount of urine excreted by the horus?

A

50-60 mL

33
Q

What amount of urine per hour might indicate kidney failure?

A

<30mL/hr

34
Q

What does BUN mean and what does it measure?

A

Blood urea nitrogen, measures nitrogen wastes in blood from catabolism and deamination of amino acids

35
Q

How does creatinine clearance test help determine GFR?

A

measures the amount creatinine in the blood, which increases in states of renal dysfunction

36
Q

af-

A

to

37
Q

glom-

A

little ball

38
Q

juxta-

A

near to

39
Q

calyc-

A

small cup

40
Q

mict-

A

to pass urine

41
Q

detrus-

A

to force away

42
Q

cort-

A

covering

43
Q

papill-

A

nipple

44
Q

nephr-

A

pertaining to the kidney

45
Q

cyst-

A

bladder

46
Q

ren-

A

kidney

47
Q

trigon-

A

triangular shape

48
Q

prox-

A

nearest

Lecture Exam 5 Chapters (2 decks)

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