Urinary System Flashcards
The region known as the macula densa is part of A) the proximal convoluted tubule. B) the distal convoluted tubule. C) the collecting duct. D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle). E) Glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the A) renal corpuscle. B) filtration membrane. C) nephron loop (loop of Henle). D) juxtaglomerular complex. E) afferent arteriole.
D) juxtaglomerular complex.
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
A) filtration.
B) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
C) secretion of acids and ammonia.
D) secretion of drugs.
E) adjusting the urine volume.
B) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.
Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following, except
A) produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles.
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
C) trigger renin release.
D) produce renal ischemia.
E) reduce blood flow to kidneys.
B) increase the glomerular filtration rate.
The process of filtration is driven by A) active transport. B) blood osmotic pressure. C) blood hydrostatic pressure. D) renal pumping. E) solvent drag.
C) blood hydrostatic pressure.
Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures. From the list below, what are these three main pressures? 1) blood hydrostatic pressure 2) capsular hydrostatic pressure 3) capsular colloid osmotic pressure 4) blood colloid osmotic pressure 5) urinary bladder hydrostatic pressure A) 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B) 2, 3, and 4 are correct. C) 3, 4, and 5 are correct. D) 1, 2, and 4 are correct. E) 2, 4, and 5 are correct.
D) 1, 2, and 4 are correct.
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
B) decrease secretion of aldosterone.
C) increase release of angiotensin II by the suprarenal glands.
D) increase filtration into glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule.
E) decrease urinary albumin concentration.
A) increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by
A) blood pressure.
B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.
C) constriction of the efferent arteriole.
D) protein in the filtrate.
E) filtrate in the capsular space.
B) presence of large, non-diffusible proteins in blood plasma.
The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is
A) blood colloid osmotic pressure.
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
C) osmotic pressure of the urine.
D) capsular hydrostatic pressure.
E) reabsorption in proximal convoluted tubule pulls filtrate from blood
B) glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
C) the collecting duct.
D) the nephron loop (loop of Henle).
E) the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
E) the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except A) active transport. B) facilitated diffusion. C) cotransport. D) countertransport. E) stem cell movements.
E) stem cell movements.
Reabsorption of filtered glucose from the lumen in the PCT is largely by means of A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport.
D) cotransport.
Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of A) diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport. E) countertransport.
E) countertransport.
Chloride ion is reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb by A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) cotransport with Na and K ions. E) countertransport for bicarbonate ion.
D) cotransport with Na and K ions.
The mechanism for producing a concentrated urine involves
A) the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) by the neurohypophysis.
B) aquaporins being inserted into the membranes of the collecting duct cells.
C) a high concentration of NaCl in the interstitial fluid that surrounds the collecting ducts.
D) an increase in facultative water reabsorption.
E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is almost impermeable to water, but reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the filtrate.
A) The first statement is true but the second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false but the second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.
E) Both are true and relate to production of a dilute urine.
A patient excretes a large volume of very dilute urine on a continuing basis. This is may be due to A) excessive ADH secretion. B) absence of ADH. C) hematuric oliguria. D) overproduction of aldosterone. E) dilation of the afferent arterioles.
B) absence of ADH.
Antidiuretic hormone
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
B) is secreted in response to low potassium ion in the blood.
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of very dilute urine.
D) is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
E) release is insensitive to the osmolarity of interstitial fluid.
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
Substances secreted by the distal convoluted tubule include A) hydrogen ions. B) penicillin. C) creatinine. D) potassium ions. E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
Which of the following substances undergo tubular secretion: A) water B) glucose C) hydrogen ions D) sodium ions E) All of the answers are correct.
C) hydrogen ions
Which of the following substances are not normally found in the filtrate? A) chloride ions B) water C) protein D) urea E) glucose
C) protein
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term nephron loop (loop of Henle)?
A) relies on countercurrent multiplication
B) creates high interstitial NaCl concentration
C) enables production of hypertonic urine
D) site of obligatory water reabsorption.
E) All of the answers are correct.
E) All of the answers are correct.
When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,
A) a concentrated urine is produced.
B) less urine is produced.
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
D) permeability to water in the collecting system increases.
E) water reabsorption increases in the loop of Henle.
C) the osmolarity of the urine decreases.
In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
A) a larger volume of urine.
B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions.
C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
E) urine with less glucose.
D) urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
