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Krysta's Physio Test Banks > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Tetanic muscle contractions don’t occur in a normal cardiac muscle because
A) cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.
B) neural stimulation is lacking.
C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
D) the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension.
E) potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.

A

C) the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.

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2
Q

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it
A) has a thicker wall.
B) is round in cross section.
C) pumps a greater volume.
D) works harder.
E) produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.

A

C) pumps a greater volume.

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3
Q

In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of
A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
B) increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
C) decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
D) decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E) increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.

A

A) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

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4
Q

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to
A) movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane.
B) calcium channels remaining open.
C) increased membrane permeability to potassium ion.
D) decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.
E) increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

A

B) calcium channels remaining open.

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5
Q 
The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in 
A) the Purkinje fibers.  
B) the sinoatrial node.  
C) the atrioventricular node.  
D) the wall of the left ventricle.  
E) both the left and right ventricles.
A

B) the sinoatrial node.

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6
Q 
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most  change the shape of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in an ECG tracing.  
A) P wave  
B) T wave  
C) QRS complex  
D) P-R interval  
E) R-T interval
A

C) QRS complex

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7
Q 
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit  
A) tonus.  
B) treppe.  
C) tetany.  
D) recruitment.  
E) fatigue.
A

C) tetany.

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8
Q

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the
A) heart rate will increase.
B) heart rate will decrease.
C) cells will depolarize.
D) cells will hyperpolarize.
E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

A

E) heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

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9
Q

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
A) the ventricles will beat faster.
B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.
C) the ventricular beat will remain unchanged.
D) cardiac output will increase.
E) the atria will contract more forcefully.

A

B) the ventricles will beat more slowly.

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10
Q 
The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.
1. Purkinje fibers
2. AV bundle
3. AV node
4. SA node
5. bundle branches
The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is  
A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5.  
B) 3, 2, 4, 5, 1.  
C) 3, 5, 4, 2, 1.  
D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.  
E) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1.
A

D) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

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11
Q 
The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from
A) depolarization of the SA node.
B) depolarization of the AV node.
C) depolarization of the atria.
D) repolarization of the atria.
E) depolarization of the ventricles.
A

C) depolarization of the atria.

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12
Q

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?
A) The P-R interval will be shorter.
B) The QRS duration will be longer.
C) There will be much bigger P waves.
D) The ventricles will stop beating.
E) The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

A

E) The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

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13
Q

Pacemaker cells in the SA node
A) have a well-defined resting potential.
B) can spontaneously depolarize.
C) also contract with the rest of the cells in the heart wall.
D) are special neurons that convey signals from the brain to the heart.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

B) can spontaneously depolarize.

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14
Q 
Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's 
A) P wave.  
B) QRS complex.  
C) QT interval.  
D) T wave.  
E) S-T segment.
A

A) P wave.

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15
Q 
The first heart sound is heard when the  
A) AV valves open.  
B) AV valves close.  
C) semilunar valves close.  
D) atria contract.  
E) blood enters the aorta.
A

B) AV valves close.

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16
Q

Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole?
A) The ventricle needs to pressurize the blood to close the aortic valve.
B) Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure so the ventricle cannot eject blood.
C) The bicuspid valve needs time to shut before the ventricle can eject blood.
D) Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.
E) The ventricle is still filling with blood and therefore cannot eject blood during this time.

A

D) Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.

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17
Q

During ventricular systole, the
A) atria are contracting.
B) blood is entering the ventricles.
C) AV valves are closed.
D) pressure in the ventricles remains constant.
E) pressure in the aorta remains constant.

A

C) AV valves are closed.

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18
Q 
With each ventricular systole, 
A) blood pressure remains steady. 
B) the ventricles fill with blood. 
C) blood pressure decreases. 
D) cardiac output decreases. 
E) blood pressure increases.
A

E) blood pressure increases.

19
Q 
The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle during a contraction is called the  
A) end-diastolic volume.  
B) end-systolic volume.  
C) stroke volume.  
D) cardiac output.  
E) cardiac reserve.
A

C) stroke volume.

20
Q

Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output, except
A) increased venous return.
B) increased parasympathetic stimulation.
C) increased sympathetic stimulation.
D) increased heart rate.
E) increased force of contraction.

A

B) increased parasympathetic stimulation.

21
Q

Which of the following would increase heart rate?
A) increased sympathetic stimulation of SA node
B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of nodal fibers
C) increased levels of epinephrine
D) faster depolarization of the pacemaker potential
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

22
Q

The heart is innervated by ________ nerves.
A) parasympathetic
B) sympathetic
C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic
D) neither parasympathetic nor sympathetic
E) somatomotor

A

C) both parasympathetic and sympathetic

23
Q

Stroke volume depends on
A) end diastolic volume.
B) the contractility of the ventricle.
C) the pressure required to pump blood into the aorta.
D) venous return of blood to the heart.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

24
Q

Which of these would cause stroke volume to increase?
A) when venous return is decreased
B) when ventricular contraction is reduced
C) when diastolic blood pressure is decreased
D) decrease in heart rate
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

C) when diastolic blood pressure is decreased

25
Q 
Cardiac output is increased by  
A) sympathetic stimulation.  
B) increased end systolic volume.
C) decreased end diastolic volume.
D) decreased venous return.
E) inhibiting the atrial reflex.
A

A) sympathetic stimulation.

26
Q 
If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume? 
A) increase 
B) fluctuate rapidly 
C) remain the same 
D) decrease 
E) reduced to
A

D) decrease

27
Q

End-systolic volume is defined as the:
A) amount of blood a ventricle ejects per cycle
B) amount of blood which backflows into a ventricle
C) amount of blood remaining in an atrium after atrial systole
D) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction
E) stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate

A

D) amount of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction

28
Q

Contractions of the papillary muscles
A) close the atrioventricular valves.
B) close the semilunar valves.
C) eject blood from the ventricles.
D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
E) eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

A

D) prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.

29
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, the diameter of the ventricular chamber
A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains the same.

A

B) decreases.

30
Q 
When the semilunar valves close, the AV valves then 
A) close.  
B) open.  
C) make the third heart sound.  
D) contract.  
E) prolapse.
A

B) open.

31
Q

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium
A) add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart.
B) help distribute the forces of contraction.
C) provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size.
D) provide physical support for cardiac muscle.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

32
Q

The function of an atrium is to
A) collect blood.
B) pump blood to the lungs.
C) pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D) pump blood to the ventricle.
E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

A

E) collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

33
Q 
Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except one. Choose the exception.
A) decreasing ejection fraction
B) decreasing end systolic volume
C) increasing stroke volume
D) increasing ejection fraction
E) increasing heart rate
A

A) decreasing ejection fraction

34
Q 
Heart rate is controlled by neurons of the cardiovascular center located in the
A) pons.
B) thalamus.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) hypothalamus.
E) higher centers.
A

C) medulla oblongata.

35
Q

The cardioacceleratory center activates sympathetic neurons and the cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic neurons.
A) The first part of the statement is true but the second part is false.
B) The first part of the statement is false but the second part is true.
C) Both parts of the statement are true.
D) Both parts of the statement are false.
E) Both parts of the statement are true and relate to brainstem control of heart rate.

A

E) Both parts of the statement are true and relate to brainstem control of heart rate.

36
Q

Which of these is true about the atrial reflex?
A) also called Bainbridge reflex
B) triggered by atrial mechanoreceptors
C) triggered by increasing venous return
D) depends on sympathetic innervation
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

37
Q

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.

A

systole

38
Q

The relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle is called ________.

A

diastole

39
Q

As the heart rate slows, ________ gets longer.

A

diastole

40
Q

The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.

A

end-systolic volume

41
Q

The ________ is the volume of blood in a ventricle at the beginning of systole.

A

end-diastolic volume

42
Q

The amount of blood remaining in the ventricle when the semilunar valve closes is the ________.

A

end-systolic volume (ESV)

43
Q

The amount of blood returning to the heart is the ________.

A

venous return

Krysta's Physio Test Banks (4 decks)

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