urinary system Flashcards
kidneys produce;
help regulate
renin
blood pressure
stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow
erythropoietin
kidney converts what to its active form?
vitamin D
other organs of the urinary system;
provide
single urinary bladder
paired ureters
urethra
provide temporary storage reservoirs for urine or serve as transportation channels to carry it from one body region to another
Which of the following correctly describes the location of the kidneys?
They are paired organs located posterior to the intestines, between the T12 and L3 vertebra, with a rich blood supply and fat capsule surrounding them.
kidneys receive protection from
T12 and L3 vertebra
encloses each kidney
fibrous capsule
surrounds each kidney and act as a cushion against blows
perirenal fat capsule
outermost capsule
function?
renal fascia
anchors the kidney and helps hold it in place against the muscles of the trunk wall
What is the outermost region of the kidney called?
renal cortex
form cup shaped areas that encloses the tips of the pyramids
calyces
Which of the following best describes the glomerulus?
Series of capillaries
An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into which of the following?
Efferent arteriole
Urine formed in the nephrons empties directly into what structure?
Collecting duct
Which of the following is the site where most
tubular reabsorption occurs?
Proximal convoluted tubule
What is the process of glomerular filtration?
A passive filtration of blood in the glomerular capsule
What is the normal composition of glomerular filtrate?
All components of blood except formed elements and large proteins
What is the specific gravity or density of normal urine?
1.001 – 1.035
The normal yellow color of urine is due to what substance?
Destruction of hemoglobin
Which of the following describes urine?
Nitrogenous wastes, water, and unneeded substances
Which of the following statements describes the ureters?
One of the layers of the wall is smooth muscle that propels urine to the bladder.
Which of the following describes the wall of the bladder as it fills?
The muscular wall stretches and the transitional epithelium thins.
Where is most of the water in the body located?
cells
What is the main mechanism prompting water intake?
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus activate the thirst center.
Which body system makes corrections to low blood pH the fastest?
Respiratory system
What is the result of ADH release?
Prevents excess water loss by the kidneys, increasing the blood volume and increasing blood pressure
Sodium ion concentration of the extracellular fluid is largely regulated by what hormone?
Aldosterone
Why is the excretion of bicarbonate ions by the kidney important?
It maintains acid base balance of the blood.
What is a likely cause for urinary retention in an elderly male?
Enlarge prostate gland
What is the name of the inability to voluntarily control the external urethral sphincter?
Incontinence
What kidney disorder involves clogging of the glomerular filter with antigen antibody complexes?
Glomerularnephritis
Cloudy urine that contains white blood cells is indicative of what disorder?
Urinary tract infection
