Urinary System

Question 1

Urine formation

Answer 1

Filtration- Bowmans capsule: blood is filtered through membrane so small molecules eg salt and glucose filter from blood but large molecules doesn’t eg red blood cells and protein.
Reabsorption - proximal convoluted tubule: diffusion (active transport) of small molecules e.g glucose (energy) reabsorbed into blood
Secretion- distal convoluted tubule: osmosis (active transport) or sodium, potassium and ions into tubule

Question 2

Urine composition?

Answer 2

Water
Nitrogenous wastes
Salts
Ions

Question 3

Observation of urine?

Answer 3

Smell
Colour
Input
Output
Dip analysis

Question 4

Function of kidney?

Answer 4

Fluid balance- ADH
Electrolyte regulation 
ph levels
Removal of waste products
Regulation of BP- aldosterone
Vitamin D

Question 5

Anti- diuretic hormone

Answer 5

Osmoreceptors send negative feedback to hypothlamus about water concentration In bloodstream
Hypothlamus stimulates pituitary gland to release ADH which acts on nephron to conserve water.

Question 6

Blood pressure- Aldosterone

Answer 6

Liver- angiotensinogen
Kidney- renin

Renin+ Angiotensinogen = Angiotensin 1

Lungs- Ace
Ace +Angiotensin 1 = Angiotensin 2

Angiotensin 2 acts in Adrenal gland which creates Aldosterone this then increases Blood pressure by vasoconstriction of arteriols and sodium retention making us thirsty so fluid is retained