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Principals Of GYN > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The bladder is located directly _______to the pubic bone when empty and ascends superior to the _______pelvis when it’s full

A

Posterior

False

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2
Q

The urinary bladder is positioned _____to the rectum and seminal vesicles and _____to the prostate

A

Anterior

Superior

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3
Q

The seminal vesicles are ______to the prostate and _________to the urinary bladder

A

Superior

Posterior

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4
Q

The ureters enter the bladder _______inferiorly in an oblique manor approximately 5 cm apart

A

Posto-

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5
Q

The two pointy areas of the urinary bladder are:1.) _______it points anteriorly. The ligament attaches it to the umbilicus. This ligament is the remnants of the fetal_______. 2.______ the inferior aspect of the bladder

A

The apex
Median umbilical
Nick

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6
Q

The trigone is seen using laparoscope true or false

A

False the trigone is seen using a cystoscope because it is internal.

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7
Q

The trigone is seen using a cystoscope true or false?

A

True the trigone is in the urinary bladder and so requires a cystoscope in order to be seen

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8
Q

The posterior two corners of the trigone contain the two _________openings. The anterior corner of the trigone contains the_______ specter

A

Urethral

Internal urethral

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9
Q

The _______of the urinary bladder lies posteriorly, against the rectum in males and against the vagina in females

A

Base

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10
Q

Which part of the urinary bladder is the largest and where is it positioned?

A

The body is the largest part of the urinary bladder. The body is situated between the apex neck and fundus of the bladder

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11
Q

What is the other name for the base of the urinary bladder?

A

Fundus is the base of the urinary bladder

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12
Q

What is the name used to describe the mucosal folds of the urinary bladder?

A

Ruggae

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13
Q

What are the three layers that form the urinary bladder wall? And what is the name for the urinary bladder muscle?

A
  1. Inner mucosa layer
  2. Middle muscular layer also known as the detrusor muscle
  3. Outer serosa layer

Detrusor muscle

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14
Q

What term is used to describe the two urinary sphincter’s and what is the difference between the two?

A

The internal urethral sphincter is made of smooth muscle it is continuous with the detrusor muscle and is under involuntary control.

The X ternal urethral sphincter is striated muscle and under voluntary control

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15
Q

What is the medical term used to describe voiding?

A

Micturation

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16
Q

Where is the micturition center located in the spine?

A

L2 L3

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17
Q

How does the micturition reflex happened?

A

When volume of urine in the bladder exceeds 200 to 400 mL, pressure within the bladder increases considerably, and the stretch receptors in its walls transmit nerve impulses to the spinal cord.

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18
Q

When the volume of urine in the urinary bladder exceeds _________milliliters, pressure within the bladder increases considerably, and stretch receptors in it’s a wall transmit nerve impulses into the spinal cord.

A

200-400ml

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19
Q

The maximum capacity for the urinary bladder is ____milliliters or cc

A

800ml

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20
Q

How do little kids learn how to be potty trained?

A

By learning to recognize the micturition impulse and consciously control their external urethral sphincter

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21
Q

What are the conditions that can decrease the bladder capacity?

A

Large fixed pelvic mass
UTI/PID
Post surgery
During and after radiation therapy

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22
Q

What are the conditions that can increase the bladder capacity?

A

Bladder neck obstruction
Advanced invasive carcinoma
Long-standing cystitis
Atonic bladder

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23
Q

Normal post void volume in an adult is up to ______cc

A

20

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24
Q

What is the term for the artifact seen in the anterior portion of the urinary bladder?

A

Reverberation

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25
Q

When the bladder is fully distended, The Wall should measure _______millimeters

A

3 or less

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26
Q

When the bladder is nearly empty, The Wall should measure ______millimeters

A

Five or less

27
Q

Posterior impression of the bladder is on the _____in males and on the______ in females.

A

Prostate

Vagina

28
Q

You’re a total Jets are observed at _______intervals of seconds on ____plane

A

5-20 seconds

Transverse

29
Q

How do urinary bladder stones appear on ultrasound?

A

Mobile with an echogenic focus and post acoustic shadowing. Also when color is applied there is twinkle artifact

30
Q

Do urinary bladder stones usually affect the uretal Jets?

A

No they only very rarely affect the Jets

31
Q

What is the term for the artifact that is seen posterior to a stone when you apply color Doppler?

A

Twinkle artifact also there is posterior acoustic shadowing

32
Q

Is the status more common in males or in females

A

In females due to the shorter ureter

33
Q

What are the conditions that might be accompanied by cystitis?

A

He materia, polyuria, pelvic pain, cloudy urine, pain upon urination

34
Q

What’s the meaning of emphysematous cystitis?

A

Caused by gas fermenting bacteria and fungus.
Ring down artifact.
Reverberation artifact,
Posterior shadowing consistent with gas

35
Q

What is the other term used to describe a cystocele?

A

Prolapsed Bladder

36
Q

Is prolapsed bladder considered anterior or posterior prolapse?

A

Anterior prolapse

37
Q

What is posterior prolapse?

A

When the rectum or bowel protrudes into the vagina

38
Q

What is the term used to describe flaccid bladder paralysis

A

Ditrusor areflexia

39
Q

Detrusor areflexia is a ________motor neuron lesion.

A

Lower

40
Q

What is the term used to describe spastic bladder paralysis?

A

Detrusor hyperreflexia

41
Q

Hyper reflexive year is when the injury is above the sacral reflex arc true or false?

A

True

42
Q

What happens if Nutro genic bladder is not diagnosed and treated?

A

Rapid deterioration of renal function

43
Q

How does detrusor areflexia appear on ultrasound

A

Large smooth bladder with large capacity and thin walls

44
Q

How does detrusor hyperreflexia appear on ultrasound?

A

Thick walled, vertical trim trebeculated bladder with upper tract dilatation

45
Q

What does bladder trabeculation mean?

A

X

46
Q

Bladder neck obstruction usually occurs due to

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

47
Q

When there is a bladder obstruction, the pressure in the bladder remains always high – which may result in:

A

Did Trisha or atrophy
Formation of the particular
Vesicouretheral reflux

48
Q

What are the symptoms of BPH?

A

Hesitant, difficulty starting, or weak stream of urine split stream or urine retention, urinary tract infection calculi, nocturia

49
Q

Diverticula usually have thin walls and do not have a muscular wall and they usually have a narrow opening true or false?

A

True

50
Q

The congenital diverticula are known as ____ diverticula and are located near the ______orifice

A

Hutch

Urethral

51
Q

What are three conditions that the reticular, especially the ones with narrow openings, can lead to?

A

Stone formation
Infection
Neoplasm

52
Q

Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumors of the bladder true or false

A

False malignant tumors of the bladder are more common than benign tumors of the bladder

53
Q

How does bladder cancer appear on ultrasound

A

Small to massive solid tumors protruding from the bladder wall – it may long it’s a bladder wall, be smooth or irregular in Contor

54
Q

What is the term used to describe when the anterior wall of the bladder does not form and then, the posterior wall of the bladder is averted through the opening? __________
This condition happens when the_______ fails to form over the lower portion of the abdomen

A

Exstrophy

Mesoderm

55
Q

What does completely patent urachus mean?

A

There is a full opening between the bladder and the umbilical region

56
Q

What does partially patent urachus mean?

A

There is a partial opening either on the umbilical side, or on the side of the bladder

57
Q

What are the three types of partially patent urachus?

A

Sinus
Cyst
Diverticulum

58
Q

Is bladder endometriosis common in patients who have endometriosis? What is the symptom when it does happen? How is this condition diagnosed?

A

It is rare only 1% of patients who have endometriosis have bladder endometriosis the condition happens when there is hematuria with menses it is diagnosed with a cystoscope with biopsy

59
Q

What are the three most common places for uretal obstruction

A

At the ureteropelvic junction
Crossing the pelvic brim
At the junction into the bladder

60
Q

Ureters course ______to the anterior surface of the psoas muscle

A

Medial

61
Q

Ureters originate at the renal pelvis and descend _______to the internal iliac artery and _______to the ovary.

A

Anteriorly

Posterior

62
Q

Do you orders are approximately ______centimeters in length and ____millimeters in diameter

A

30

Six

63
Q

What does the absence or decrease of a urethral jet indicate?

A

Blockage of the ureter

64
Q

What does ureterocele mean and how does it look on ultrasound?

A

Anechoic thin walled structure of variable able size and shape projecting into the bladder.

Principals Of GYN (2 decks)

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