Urinary System Flashcards
The bladder is located directly _______to the pubic bone when empty and ascends superior to the _______pelvis when it’s full
Posterior
False
The urinary bladder is positioned _____to the rectum and seminal vesicles and _____to the prostate
Anterior
Superior
The seminal vesicles are ______to the prostate and _________to the urinary bladder
Superior
Posterior
The ureters enter the bladder _______inferiorly in an oblique manor approximately 5 cm apart
Posto-
The two pointy areas of the urinary bladder are:1.) _______it points anteriorly. The ligament attaches it to the umbilicus. This ligament is the remnants of the fetal_______. 2.______ the inferior aspect of the bladder
The apex
Median umbilical
Nick
The trigone is seen using laparoscope true or false
False the trigone is seen using a cystoscope because it is internal.
The trigone is seen using a cystoscope true or false?
True the trigone is in the urinary bladder and so requires a cystoscope in order to be seen
The posterior two corners of the trigone contain the two _________openings. The anterior corner of the trigone contains the_______ specter
Urethral
Internal urethral
The _______of the urinary bladder lies posteriorly, against the rectum in males and against the vagina in females
Base
Which part of the urinary bladder is the largest and where is it positioned?
The body is the largest part of the urinary bladder. The body is situated between the apex neck and fundus of the bladder
What is the other name for the base of the urinary bladder?
Fundus is the base of the urinary bladder
What is the name used to describe the mucosal folds of the urinary bladder?
Ruggae
What are the three layers that form the urinary bladder wall? And what is the name for the urinary bladder muscle?
- Inner mucosa layer
- Middle muscular layer also known as the detrusor muscle
- Outer serosa layer
Detrusor muscle
What term is used to describe the two urinary sphincter’s and what is the difference between the two?
The internal urethral sphincter is made of smooth muscle it is continuous with the detrusor muscle and is under involuntary control.
The X ternal urethral sphincter is striated muscle and under voluntary control
What is the medical term used to describe voiding?
Micturation
Where is the micturition center located in the spine?
L2 L3
How does the micturition reflex happened?
When volume of urine in the bladder exceeds 200 to 400 mL, pressure within the bladder increases considerably, and the stretch receptors in its walls transmit nerve impulses to the spinal cord.
When the volume of urine in the urinary bladder exceeds _________milliliters, pressure within the bladder increases considerably, and stretch receptors in it’s a wall transmit nerve impulses into the spinal cord.
200-400ml
The maximum capacity for the urinary bladder is ____milliliters or cc
800ml
How do little kids learn how to be potty trained?
By learning to recognize the micturition impulse and consciously control their external urethral sphincter
What are the conditions that can decrease the bladder capacity?
Large fixed pelvic mass
UTI/PID
Post surgery
During and after radiation therapy
What are the conditions that can increase the bladder capacity?
Bladder neck obstruction
Advanced invasive carcinoma
Long-standing cystitis
Atonic bladder
Normal post void volume in an adult is up to ______cc
20
What is the term for the artifact seen in the anterior portion of the urinary bladder?
Reverberation
When the bladder is fully distended, The Wall should measure _______millimeters
3 or less
When the bladder is nearly empty, The Wall should measure ______millimeters
Five or less
Posterior impression of the bladder is on the _____in males and on the______ in females.
Prostate
Vagina
You’re a total Jets are observed at _______intervals of seconds on ____plane
5-20 seconds
Transverse
How do urinary bladder stones appear on ultrasound?
Mobile with an echogenic focus and post acoustic shadowing. Also when color is applied there is twinkle artifact
Do urinary bladder stones usually affect the uretal Jets?
No they only very rarely affect the Jets
What is the term for the artifact that is seen posterior to a stone when you apply color Doppler?
Twinkle artifact also there is posterior acoustic shadowing
Is the status more common in males or in females
In females due to the shorter ureter
What are the conditions that might be accompanied by cystitis?
He materia, polyuria, pelvic pain, cloudy urine, pain upon urination
What’s the meaning of emphysematous cystitis?
Caused by gas fermenting bacteria and fungus.
Ring down artifact.
Reverberation artifact,
Posterior shadowing consistent with gas
What is the other term used to describe a cystocele?
Prolapsed Bladder
Is prolapsed bladder considered anterior or posterior prolapse?
Anterior prolapse
What is posterior prolapse?
When the rectum or bowel protrudes into the vagina
What is the term used to describe flaccid bladder paralysis
Ditrusor areflexia
Detrusor areflexia is a ________motor neuron lesion.
Lower
What is the term used to describe spastic bladder paralysis?
Detrusor hyperreflexia
Hyper reflexive year is when the injury is above the sacral reflex arc true or false?
True
What happens if Nutro genic bladder is not diagnosed and treated?
Rapid deterioration of renal function
How does detrusor areflexia appear on ultrasound
Large smooth bladder with large capacity and thin walls
How does detrusor hyperreflexia appear on ultrasound?
Thick walled, vertical trim trebeculated bladder with upper tract dilatation
What does bladder trabeculation mean?
X
Bladder neck obstruction usually occurs due to
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
When there is a bladder obstruction, the pressure in the bladder remains always high – which may result in:
Did Trisha or atrophy
Formation of the particular
Vesicouretheral reflux
What are the symptoms of BPH?
Hesitant, difficulty starting, or weak stream of urine split stream or urine retention, urinary tract infection calculi, nocturia
Diverticula usually have thin walls and do not have a muscular wall and they usually have a narrow opening true or false?
True
The congenital diverticula are known as ____ diverticula and are located near the ______orifice
Hutch
Urethral
What are three conditions that the reticular, especially the ones with narrow openings, can lead to?
Stone formation
Infection
Neoplasm
Benign tumors are more common than malignant tumors of the bladder true or false
False malignant tumors of the bladder are more common than benign tumors of the bladder
How does bladder cancer appear on ultrasound
Small to massive solid tumors protruding from the bladder wall – it may long it’s a bladder wall, be smooth or irregular in Contor
What is the term used to describe when the anterior wall of the bladder does not form and then, the posterior wall of the bladder is averted through the opening? __________
This condition happens when the_______ fails to form over the lower portion of the abdomen
Exstrophy
Mesoderm
What does completely patent urachus mean?
There is a full opening between the bladder and the umbilical region
What does partially patent urachus mean?
There is a partial opening either on the umbilical side, or on the side of the bladder
What are the three types of partially patent urachus?
Sinus
Cyst
Diverticulum
Is bladder endometriosis common in patients who have endometriosis? What is the symptom when it does happen? How is this condition diagnosed?
It is rare only 1% of patients who have endometriosis have bladder endometriosis the condition happens when there is hematuria with menses it is diagnosed with a cystoscope with biopsy
What are the three most common places for uretal obstruction
At the ureteropelvic junction
Crossing the pelvic brim
At the junction into the bladder
Ureters course ______to the anterior surface of the psoas muscle
Medial
Ureters originate at the renal pelvis and descend _______to the internal iliac artery and _______to the ovary.
Anteriorly
Posterior
Do you orders are approximately ______centimeters in length and ____millimeters in diameter
30
Six
What does the absence or decrease of a urethral jet indicate?
Blockage of the ureter
What does ureterocele mean and how does it look on ultrasound?
Anechoic thin walled structure of variable able size and shape projecting into the bladder.
