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final exam bio 2320 > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organs of urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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2
Q

urine

A

converted waste filtrate from bloodstream

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3
Q

functions of bladder

A
  1. stores urine (expandable; up 1 liter)
  2. excretion of urine
  3. blood volume regulation ( control the volume of interstitial fluid and blood; directed by certain hormones; blood volume affects blood pressure as well
  4. erythropoietin (EPO) (acts on stem cells in bone marrow, increasing erythrocyte production, allows blood to transport more oxygen
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4
Q

hilum

A

concave medial border of kidneys

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5
Q

fibrous capsule

A

renal capsule;
innermost layer of kidney;
protects and maintains shape;

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6
Q

perinephric fat

A

adipose capsule; also called perirenal fat
external to fibrous capsule;
cushioning and insulation

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7
Q

renal fascia

A

external to perinephric fat;
dense connective tissue;
anchors kidneys to posterior abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum;

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8
Q

paranephric fat

A

b/n renal fascia and parietal peritoneum

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9
Q

renal cortex

A

tissue surrounding renal medulla;

in-between renal medulla, renal columns;

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10
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

injection of small amount of rediopaque dye into a vein;
water-soluble;
x-rays taken over 1 1/2 hrs, time lapse view of system

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11
Q

hepatorenal recess

A

potential space b/n liver and right kidney;

normally not filled with fluid, but can be a diagnostic if so.

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12
Q

renal pyramid

A

medullary pyramids;

adults have 8-15;

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13
Q

renal papilla

A

apex of renal pyramids

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14
Q

renal pelvis

A

where all major calyx merge and form this large funnel shape region that collects urine and transports it to the ureter

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15
Q

renal lobe

A

8-15 sections of a kidney;
consists of medullary pyramid,half of each lateral renal column on either side, and cortex external to the base of medullary pyramid;

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16
Q

renal artery

A

extends from abdominal aorta at level of L1 and L2 to supply the kidneys with blood;

17
Q

nephrons

A

filter structures in kidneys

18
Q

renal failure

A

destruction of 90% of tissue in kidney;
chronic disease affecting small blood vessels (glomerulus): autoimmune conditions, high blood pressure and diabetes;
kidneys cannot not regenerate/function after being destroyed;

19
Q

glomerulus

A

small blood vessels in kidney

20
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

catheter is permanently placed in the peritoneal cavity, with a bag of dialysis fluid attached to the external end;
fluid enters peritoneal cavity, harmful waste in blood are transferred (dialyzed) into fluid;
after several hours, collection bag is connected to catheter, patient positions body for fluid to flow out.

21
Q

hemodialysis

A

patient’s blood is cycled through machine that filters waste products;
vascular connection (arteriovenous fistula) to conveniently located superficial artery AND vein;
patient must remain stationary

22
Q

arteriovenous fistula

A

vascular connection (used in hemodialysis)

23
Q

kidney transplant

A

placed on the superior surface or or immediately lateral to the urinary bladder;
only short segment of ureter for bladder connection;
only one kidney is needed for all renal function; can be donated dead or living.

24
Q

renal plexus

A

mass of sensory and autonomic nervous system fibers that innervates the kidney;
sympathetic intervention from T10-T12 segments of spinal cord( responsible for the renal blood vessel vasoconstriction), and CN X (vagus);
referred pain along dermatomes T10-T12

25
Q

renal agenesis

A

unilateral; asymptomatic
bilateral; invariably fatal;
failure of kidney to develop

26
Q

pelvic kidney

A

kidney’s fail to move from pelvic cavity to abdominal cavity

27
Q

horseshoe kidney

A

inferior portions of kidneys fuse as they ascend to abdominal cavity; halted short of progress

28
Q

supernumerary

A

extra kidneys develop

29
Q

duplicated

A

bifid ureter;

ureter splits and enters kidney at different locations.

30
Q

multiple renal vessels

A

vessels don’t detach or degenerate

final exam bio 2320 (3 decks)

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