Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology (A&P 2) > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

are there two ureters?

A

there are two ureter that carry urine from the kedney to the bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

is there one urethra?

A

there is only one urethra carrying urine to the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when fluid leaves the kidneys is it urine?

A

fluid that leaves the kidneys is considered urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of ureters, bladders, and urethra?

A

the ureters, bladder, and urethra are simply transport and holding structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the functions of the kidney?

A
  • regulation of water and ion balance
  • removal of water soluble wastes and toxins from blood and excretion in urine
  • gluconeogenis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does endocrine function involve?

A
  • erythropoietin production and release
  • final enzymatic step in calcitriol formation
  • renin release to produce angiotensin II
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are some organic wastes?

A
  • nitrogenous wastes
  • creatinine
  • urobilinogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nitrogenous wastes are the product of what? list some.

A

nitrogenous wastes- from breakdown of amino acids (gluconegenesis) and nitrogenous bases

  • urea (primary)
  • ammonia (minor)
  • uric acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

are nitrogenous wastes toxic?

A

build up of nitrogenous wastes in the bloodstream is toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

can toxins kill you?

A

toxic buildup can damage and kill you, typicallly this toxic buildup is not a problem, unless you have kidney failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is creatinine the product of another substance being broke down?

A

creatinine is a normal breakdown product of creatine phosphate (energy in muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is creatine clearance a useful marker for something?

A

creatine clearance is a useful marker in medical practice to indicate muscle damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

can too much creatine be harmful?

A

too much cratine or creatinine in the bloodstream can create difficulties for the kidney or damage to the kedney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

can kidney damage occur if creatine is overused?

A

there is a risk of taking cratine supplements for muscle building, because of potential kideny damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is urobilinogen?

A

Urobilinogen is a breakdown product of hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

where are the kidney positioned?

A

kidneys are positioned behind the peritoneum and its membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

are kidneys contained in their own capsule?

A

kidneys are contained within their own fibrous capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

is the immune system very active in this capsule?

A

The capsule is somewhat protected from complete immune system activity and is sometimes referred to as “immuno privileged”

19
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

is there a reason the kindneys where the first organs ever transplanted into humans?

A

kidneys special location and goo flow along with their immunoprivileged location stands to reason why they were the first organs transplanted in humans

20
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

“up” refers to what? in the context of the kidney.

A

“up” refers to heading toward the outer cortex

21
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

“down” refers to what? in the context of the kidney.

A

“down” refers to heading toward the renal pelvis or inner medulla

22
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

are the pyramids actually shaped like pyramids?

A

the pyramids are actually 3d structures wit the literal shape of a pyramid

23
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

where does urine production occur?

A

the pyramids and the area of cortex immediately above them are where urine production occurs

24
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

what is the path of urine once it drips from the pyramids?

A

urine drips out of the apex of the pyramids into the mino calyxes and then into the pelvis and out the ureter to the bladder

25
Q

RETROPERITONEAL POSITION OF KIDNEY

when fluid leaves the pyramid is it considered urine?

A

when the fluid leaves the pyramid its urine the composition is unchanged from there until micturition the act of urine excretion from the bladder

26
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

does the renal artery carry a lot of blood?

A

there is substantial blood supply through the renal artery

27
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

where is the blood from the renal artery carried?

A

the blood supply is carried to cortex between the pyramids (segmental arteries and interlobar arteries)

28
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

where are the arcuate arteries and where do they branch from?

A

crossing the top of the pyramids and dividing the cortex and medulla are the arcuate arteries that branch from the interlobar arteries

29
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

does afferent arteriole feed into the glomerulus? and what is the glomerulus?

A

eventually an afferent arteriole feeds into the glomerulus
glomerulus- the specialized capillary bed that creates the fluid that will move through a tube gradually being turned into urine.

30
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

does all the fluid leave the blood?

A

not all the fluid leaves the blood and the remaining blood in the glomerulus exits into the efferent arteriole.

31
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

why is the efferent arteriole still called an arteriole?

A

the efferent arteriole is still called an arteriole because it feeds directly into a second capillary bed; and because the blood doesn’t leave the organ and usually only travels microscopic distances in the glomerulus, this vessel is termed an arteriole rather than a venule.

32
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

rom the efferent arteriole blood moves into what?

A

from the efferent arteriole, blood moves into either peritubular capillaries (cortex) or a capillary bed with long vessels named the vasa recta (medulla)

33
Q

RENAL CIRCULATION

do the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta pick up most of the fluid thats left in the glomerulus? is there anything else that it picks up?

A

peritubular capillaries and vasa recta pick up most of the fluid thats left in the glomerulus.

it also picks up a lot of other things like most of the NaCI and all of the glucose; from there its back to radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobar veins and eventually the large renal artery

34
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

what are nephrons?

A

nephrons are part of the renal tubule where urine production occurs

35
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

what is the fluid that nephrons dump into collecting ducts?

A

nephrons dump their fluid called filtrate into collecting ducts (the last part of the renal tubule)

36
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

where are most of the nephrons located?

A

most nephrons are in the cortex above the pyramids (cortical nephrons)

37
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

where are some of the other located? what are they called?

A

parts of some of the nephrons extend down deep within the renal pyramids (juxtamedullary nephrons)

38
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

are most nephrons in the cortex?

A

most of the nephrons are cortical nephrons

39
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

is concentrated urine the product of juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

the ability to make urine more concentrated than blood requires juxtramedullary nephrons

40
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

whats the name of capillary beds that wrap around the cortical nephrons

A

the capillary beds that wraps around the cortical nephrons is the peritubular capillaries

41
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

what does the vasa recta wrap around? and what is the loop called?

A

the vas recta wraps around the part of the juxtamedullary nephrons that extends deep into the pyramids called the renal loop or loop of henle

42
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

what is filtrate created from?

A

filtrate is created from fluid that is pushed out of the capillaries of the glomerulus and into the renal capsule, also called bowmans capsule.

43
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

where does filtrate travel?

A

after the filtrate is created it travels through the nephron until it reaches the collecting duct

44
Q

MICROCIRCULATION OF THE KIDNEY

does one collecting duct receive filtrate from many nephrons?

A

one collecting duct will receive filtrate from many nephrons as it travels “down” toward the apex of the renal pyramid

Biology (A&P 2) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions