URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards
What is the major excretory organ of the urinary system?
Kidneys
Name the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
Ureter
What is the primary function of the urinary bladder?
Storage of urine
Which structure eliminates urine from the body?
Urethra
What hormone secreted by the kidneys regulates red blood cell synthesis?
Erythropoietin
What is the term for the layer of connective tissue surrounding the kidney?
Renal capsule
Which part of the kidney contains the blood-filtering structures?
Cortex
What cone-shaped structures in the kidney transport urine toward the renal sinus?
Renal pyramids
What is the funnel-shaped chamber that collects urine from the renal papillae?
Renal pelvis
What is the term for the indentation on the kidney where vessels and the ureter enter or exit?
Hilum
What is the histological and functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Name the part of the nephron where blood filtration begins.
Renal corpuscle
What are the two main components of the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus and Bowman capsule
Which cells in the Bowman capsule wrap around the glomerular capillaries?
Podocytes
What is the term for the blood-filtered fluid that enters the Bowman capsule?
Filtrate
What are the two types of nephrons found in the kidney?
Juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons
What are the three processes involved in urine formation?
Filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
Which hormone promotes water conservation by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which hormone decreases sodium reabsorption to increase urine volume?
Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
What is the role of renin in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism?
Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
What is the name of the mechanism that maintains a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?
Countercurrent mechanism
What reflex is triggered by the stretch of the urinary bladder wall?
Micturition reflex
Which structure funnels urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra?
Trigone
What is the term for the condition caused by a bacterial infection of the urinary bladder?
Cystitis
Which hormone regulates calcium reabsorption in the kidneys?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
