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AUBF > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

Lecture 1 (questions from clsss included)

1
Q

what can cause increase rbc in urine

A

hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis, trauma, ect…

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2
Q

what causes fatty cast in urine

A

nephrotic syndrome
crush injuries

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3
Q

most commonly received specimen; collected at anytime

A

Random Specimen

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4
Q

normal specific gravity

A

1.002 - 1.035

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5
Q

composition of hyaline cast

A

Tamm-horsfall

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6
Q

number of particles of solute per unit of solution

A

osmolality

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7
Q

in dipstick method, what takes the longest and how long a test takes

A

Leucocyte esterase for 2 mins

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8
Q

ideal screening specimen

A

First Morning Specimen

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9
Q

describe triple phosphate crystal

A

coffin-lid

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10
Q

average adult urine volume

A

600 to 2000 m/day

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11
Q

normal WBCs count

A

> 5 wbc/hpf

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12
Q

proteinuria qualification for moderate proteinuria

A

1-4 g/day

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13
Q

confirmatory test for ketones

A

nitroprusside table test

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14
Q

if pseudomonas is present, what is the color of the urine?

A

Green / blue green

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15
Q

urine specimen used for pediatric specimen

A

routine specimen, catheterized, suprapubic aspiration

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16
Q

how to identify fatty cast

A
  • highly refractile
    -if polarized, Maltis cross is visible
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17
Q

specimen best used for pregnancy test

A

First-morning Specimen

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18
Q

negative nitrate, no change in color, showing UTI, and positive in Leucocyte esterase still indicate that urine has infection. what makes the nitrite negative if bacteria/infraction is present?

A

there are some bacteria that has less or does not produce nitrite

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19
Q

describe clue cells

A

surface and edges contain gardnerella vaginalis

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20
Q
  • a direct method for measuring SG
  • a method that utilizes a specially designed column filled with water immiscinle oil
A

falling drop method

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21
Q

predominant leucocyte seen in urine

A

Neutrophil

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22
Q

normal urine pH

A

4.6 - 8.0

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23
Q

urine is obtained by a needle through the abdomen into to bladder

A

Suprapubic Aspiration

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24
Q

the time the urine specimen be delivered to the laboratory and tested

A

within 2 hours

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25
Q

an accurate quantitative test

A

24 hr urine

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26
Q

it regulates the balance between water and electrolytes and the acid-base balance

A

Urinary System

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27
Q

in osmolality, what is the normal intake in normal adult

A

500 - 850 mOsm/kg

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28
Q

normal count of glucose in urine

A

180 - 200 mg/dL

29
Q

responsible for the yellow color of the urine and is considered the normal color of uri

A

urochrome

30
Q

normal odor of urine

A

faint, aromatic odor of undetermined source

31
Q

principle of urine dipstick automatically

A

Reflectometer/reflectometry

32
Q

a chemical procedure to screen weathera subject abuses drugs and to identify specific drug being used

A

drug testing

33
Q

Recommend tube size

A

10 - 15ml

34
Q

> 2000 ml/24 hr signifies

A

Polyuria

35
Q

what is the step to do when the specimen cannot be tested right away

A

Refrigerate

36
Q

what makes the nitrate positive in test

A

presence of bacteria

37
Q

what is the recommended capacity of container used in urine specimen

A

50 ml

38
Q

how to collect pre and post massage test

A

1st. collect midstream clean-catch
2nd. perform prostatic massage
3rd. collect 2nd specimen

39
Q

most frequently observed cast

A

hyaline cast

40
Q

the process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

A

chain fo custody (coc)

41
Q

differentiate rbc from yeast

A
  • yeast Is observed in budding formation and the presence of nucleus
  • yeast are smaller than rbc
42
Q

differentiate pathologic and non pathologic turbidity

A

the presence of bacteria, infection, disease and contamination in pathologic turbid urine while non for non-pathologic

43
Q

the fat globules appear in the urine

A

Lipiduria

44
Q

what do you call wbc during hypotonic urine

A

Glitter cells

45
Q

what is indicates an orange reaction in dipstick

A

Urobilinogen

46
Q

confirmatory test for bilirubin

A

Diazo Table test

47
Q

proteinuria qualification for heavy proteinuria

A

> 4 g/day

48
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephrons

49
Q

what is the meaning of false-positive and false-negative for glucose

A
  • False-positive: strongly oxidizing clearing agent in the urine container
  • False-negative: sodium fluoride, highly specific gravity, ascorbic acid
50
Q

proteinuria qualification for minimal proteinuria

A

> 4 g/day

51
Q

method to detect reducing sugar in urine

A

Copper reduction test

52
Q

confirmatory test for proteinuria/ protein

A

precipitation method

53
Q

normal rbc count

A

0 - 2 rbc/hpf

54
Q

describe calcium oxalate crystals

A

octahedral

55
Q

describe ammonium biurate crystals

A

pink - brownish granules, no definite shape

56
Q

how to do 24 hr urine

A

1st. discard first voided urine
2nd. start collect urine sample after discarding 1st voided
3rd. collect last urine sample
- refrigerate and add preservatives
- transfer urine to lab
- should be tested within 2 hrs

57
Q

an alternative to catheterized specimen that is a safer and less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis

A

Midstream Clean-catch

58
Q

what are the crystals found in normal acidic urine

A

uric acid, amorphous urates, calcium oxalate

59
Q

describe and define chyuria

A
  • urine contain lymph
  • appears milky
  • cause by obstraction of rupture of lyphatic vessels
  • associated with W. broncrofti (filiariasis)
60
Q

test takes the shortest and how short the test takes

A

Glucose for 30 secs

61
Q

methods to identify specific gravity

A

reagent strip, reflectometer, urinometer, falling drop method

62
Q

primary method for chemical exam of urine

A

reagent strip

63
Q

substances that will cause red color in urine

A

hemoglobin

64
Q

what is the principle for reagent strip for detecting pH

A

protein error

65
Q

measures reflective index solution

A

reflectometry

66
Q

how can you identify positive in three glass collection

A
  • if 2nd specimen is positive, disregard 3rd specimen as it may appear as the 3rd specimen is contaminated
  • 3rd specimen is considered positive only when the wbc/hpf count is 10x the 1st specimen
67
Q

normal urine protein content

A

2 to 10 mg

68
Q

Levels of proteinuria

A
  • Minimal Proteinuria: <4 g/day
  • Moderate Proteinuria: 1 - 4 g/day
  • Heavy Proteinuria: >4 g/day
69
Q

what is the most common urine specimen for bacterial culture

A

Catherterized Specimen

AUBF (5 decks)

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