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anaphy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A
  1. Regulating total water volume and total solute concentration in water
  2. Regulating ECF ion concentrations
  3. Ensuring long-term acid-base balance
  4. Removal of metabolic wastes, toxins, drugs
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2
Q

In endocrine functions, it regulates blood pressure

A

Renin

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3
Q

In endocrine functions, it regulates red blood cells production

A

Erythropoietin

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4
Q

Major excretory organs

A

KidneySssssssss
-dapat may “s”

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5
Q

It transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

A

Kidney

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6
Q

It transports urine out of the body

A

Urethra

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6
Q

It is a temporary storage reservoir for urine

A

Urinary Bladder

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7
Q

Granular-appearing superficial region

A

Renal cortex

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8
Q

composed of cone-shaped

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

Pyramids separated by
— inward extensions of cortical tissue

A

Renal Columns

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10
Q

What do you call the infection of the renal pelvis and calyces?

A

Pyelitis

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11
Q

What do you call the infection/inflammation of the ENTIRE kidney?

A

Pyelonephritis
- normally -successfully treated with antibiotics

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12
Q
  • Kidneys cleanse blood; and adjust its composition into a rich blood supply
  • Renal arteries deliver ~ ¼ (1200 ml) of cardiac output to kidneys each minute
  • Arterial flow into and venous flow out of kidneys follow similar paths
  • Nerve supply via sympathetic fibers from RENAL PLEXUS
A

renal plexus

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13
Q

Aorta = Renal artery =
Segmental artery = Interlobar artery = Arcuate artery = Cortical radiate artery=
Afferent arteriole = Glomerulus (capillaries) =

Efferent arteriole =
Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta =
Cortical radiate vein =
Arcuate vein =
Interlobar vein =
Renal vein =
Inferior vena cava

A

Path of blood flow through renal blood vessels

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13
Q

Structural and functional units that form urine
> 1 million per kidney

A

Nephrons

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14
Q

The two main parts of a nephron

A

-Renal Corpuscle
-Renal Tubule

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15
Q

Two parts renal corpuscle

A

-Glomerulus
-Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

16
Q
  • Tuft of capillaries; fenestrated endothelium
  • highly porous, allows filtrate formation
A

Glomerulus

17
Q

Cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding glomerulus

A

Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

18
Q

What type of epithelium does the parietal layer have in the glomerular capsule?

A

simple squamous epithelium

19
Q

________ it refers to the branching epithelial podocytes

A

Visceral Layer

19
Q

forms extensions terminate in foot processes that cling to the basement membrane

A

Podocytes

19
Q

FILTRATION SLITS between foot processes allow filtrate to pass into _____________

A

CAPSULAR SPACE

20
Q

Cuboidal cells with DENSE MICROVILLI (brush border  surface area); large mitochondria

FUNCTIONS in reabsorption and secretion

Confined to cortex

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

21
Q

Cuboidal cells with VERY FEW microvilli

Function MORE IN SECRETION than reabsorption

Confined to cortex

A

Distal convoluted tubule

22
Q

Sparse, short microvilli

Maintain water and Na+ balance

A

Principal cells

23
Q

Cuboidal cells; abundant microvilli; two types

  • A and B; both help maintain the acid-base balance of blood
A

Intercalated cells

24
Q

85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex

A

Cortical nephrons

25
Q
  • Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
  • Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
  • Important in production of concentrated urine
A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

26
Q

produces cell- and protein-free filtrate

A

Glomerular filtration

27
Q

Selectively returns 99% of substances from filtrate to blood in renal tubules and collecting ducts

A

Tubular reabsorption

28
Q

Selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts

A

Tubular secretion

29
Q
  • Passive process
  • No metabolic energy required
  • Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through filtration membrane
  • No reabsorption into capillaries of glomerulus
A

Glomerular Filtration

30
Q

Water reabsorbed by osmosis, aided by water-filled pores called

A

aquaporins

31
Q

interaction of filtrate flow in ascending/descending limbs of nephron loops of juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Countercurrent multiplier

32
Q

Blood flow in ascending/descending limbs of vasa recta

A

Countercurrent exchanger

32
Q

substance not reabsorbed so water remains in urine, e.g., high glucose of diabetic patient

A

Osmotic diuretics

33
Q
  • used to determine GFR
    To detect glomerular damage
    To follow progress of renal disease
A

Renal clearance tests

34
Q

Chronic renal disease - GFR < 60 ml/min for 3 months
E.g., in diabetes mellitus; hypertension
Renal failure – GFR < 15 ml/min
Causes uremia – ionic and hormonal imbalances; metabolic abnormalities; toxic molecule accumulation
Treated with hemodialysis or transplant

A
35
Q

Color and transparency
Clear
Cloudy may indicate urinary tract infection

Pale to deep yellow from ?
Pigment from hemoglobin breakdown; more concentrated urine  deeper color

A

Urochrome

36
Q

Bladder shrinks; loss of bladder tone is? ___ and ___

A

nocturia and incontinence

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