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P2 Urinary System > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

A large volume of blood flows through the kidneys, which remove substances from the blood to form urine.

A

Urinary system

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3
Q

Contains excess water and ions, metabolic wastes (such as urea)z and toxic substances l.

A

Urine

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4
Q

Produced by the kidneys flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until it is stored until it is eliminated through the urethra.

A

Urine

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5
Q

Urine produced by the kidneys flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until it is stored until it is eliminated through the____.

A

Urethra

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6
Q

The kidneys can suffer extensive damage and still maintain their extremely important role in the

A

maintenance of homeostasis

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7
Q

The kidneys as long as about ____ one one kidney remains functional, survival is possible.

A

one-third

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8
Q

Major functions of the urinary system:

A

Is to control the composition and volume of body fluids

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9
Q

The kidneys perform this function through multiple processes:

A
  1. Excretion
  2. Regulation of blood volume and pressure
  3. Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood
  4. Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
  5. Regulation of RBS synthesis
  6. Regulation of vitamin D synthesis
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10
Q

The kidneys are the major excretory organs of the body. They remove waste products from the blood.

A

Excretion

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11
Q

Controlling the extracellular fluid volume in the body

A

Regulation of blood volume and pressure

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12
Q

Helps regulate the concentration of the major molecules and ions

A

Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood

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13
Q

Excrete variable amount of H+ to help regulate extracellular fluid pH.

A

Regulation of red blood cells synthesis

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14
Q

Plays an important role in controlling blood vessels of Ca²+

A

Regulation of vitamin D synthesis

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15
Q

Are bean shaped organs, each about the size of a tightly clenched fist.

A

Kidneys

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16
Q

Kidneys lie on the _____ behind peritoneum, with one kidney on each side of the vertebral column.

A

Posterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

Structures that are behind the peritoneum are said to be.

A

Retroperitoneal

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18
Q

A layer of connective tissue that surrounds each kidney.

A

Renal capsule

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19
Q

Around the renal capsule is a thick layer of_____ which protects the kidney from mechanical shock.

A

Adipose tissue

20
Q

The medial side of each kidney where the renal artery and nerves enter and where the renal vein, ureter, lymphatic vessels exit the kidney.

A

Hilum

21
Q

The hilum opens into a cavity called

A

Renal sinus

22
Q

Contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine and adipose tissue.

A

Renal sinus

23
Q

The kidney is divided into an _____ and ____, which surround the renal sinus.

A

Outer cortex and inner medulla

24
Q

The base of several cone-shaped that is located at the boundary between the cortex and the medulla.

A

Renal pyramids

25
Q

Project toward the center of the kidney

A

Renal pyramids

26
Q

A funnel-shaped structure called

A

Calyx

27
Q

Surrounds the tip of each renal pyramid.

A

Calyx

28
Q

The calyces from all the renal pyramids join to form a larger funnel.

A

Renal pelvis

29
Q

The renal pelvis then narrows to form a small tube which exits the kidney and connects to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureter

30
Q

Urine passes from the tips of the renal pyramids into the

A

Calyces

31
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the

A

Nephron

32
Q

Fluid is forced into the _______ and then flows into the proximal convoluted tubule.

A

Renal corpuscle

33
Q

Toward the renal sinus, where it makes a hairpin turn

A

Descending limb extends

34
Q

Extends back toward the cortex.

A

Ascending limb

35
Q

Several distal convoluted tubules empty into an ____ which carries the fluid from the cortex, through the medulla.

A

Collecting duct

36
Q

Multiple collecting ducts empty into a single____ and the papillary ducts empty their contents into s calyx.

A

Papillary duct

37
Q

The renal corpuscle and both convoluted tubules are in the _____.

A

Renal cortex

38
Q

The collecting duct and loop of Henle enter the

A

Medulla

39
Q

15% of the nephrons (next to the medulla) have loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla of the kidney.

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

40
Q

85% of nephrons have loops of Henle that do not extend deep into the medulla.

A

Cortical nephrons

41
Q

Consists of the Bowman capsule and the glomerulus

A

Renal corpuscle

42
Q

Consists of the enlarged end of the nephron, which is indented to form a double-walled chamber.

A

Bowman capsule

43
Q

is a tuft of capillaries that resembles a ball of yarn and lies within the indentation of the Bowman capsule.

A

Glomerulus

44
Q

The cavity of the Bowman capsule opens into the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

45
Q

The inner layer of the Bowman capsule consists of specialized cells which wrap around the glomerulus capillaries.

A

Podocytes

46
Q

The outer layer of the Bowman capsule consists of

A

Simple squamous epithelium cells

P2 Urinary System (2 decks)

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