Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR154 cont > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

1) The urinary system does all of the following, except that it
A) secretes excess glucose molecules.
B) regulates blood volume.
C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH.
D) eliminates organic waste products.
E) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes.

A

A) secretes excess glucose molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
8) The innermost layer of kidney tissue is the
A) renal cortex.
B) renal medulla.     
C) major calyx.
D) minor calyx.
E) renal pelvis.
A

B) renal medulla.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
9) Conical structures that are located in the renal medulla are called
A) pyramids.     
B) renal columns.
C) renal pelvises.
D) nephrons.
E) calyces.
A

A) pyramids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

10) Renal columns are
A) internal cavities lined by the fibrous capsule and located in the area of the hilus.
B) expanded ends of the ureters.
C) the basic functional units of the kidney.
D) bundles of tissue that lie between pyramids and extend from the renal cortex toward the renal sinus.
E) conical structures that are located in the renal medulla.

A

D) bundles of tissue that lie between pyramids and extend from the renal cortex toward the renal sinus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
11) The expanded proximal end of the ureter forms the
A) renal sinus.
B) renal pelvis.     
C) renal calyx.
D) renal hilus.
E) renal corpuscle.
A

B) renal pelvis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
14) The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form the
A) renal corpuscle.
B) filtration membrane.
C) loop of Henle.
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus.     
E) afferent arteriole.
A

D) juxtaglomerular apparatus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
15) The expanded end of a nephron is the
A) glomerulus.
B) renal corpuscle.     
C) proximal convoluted tubule.
D) distal convoluted tubule.
E) loop of Henle.
A

B) renal corpuscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

16) A glomerulus is
A) the expanded end of a nephron.
B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle.
C) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle.
D) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting duct.
E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

A

B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
21) The process of filtration occurs at
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
C) the collecting duct.
D) the loop of Henle.
E) the Bowman’s capsule
A

E) the Bowman’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
24) The most selective pores in the filtration membrane are located in the
A) capillary endothelium.
B) lamina densa.
C) podocytes.     
D) basement membrane of the capillaries.
E) capsular space.
A

C) podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
25) Substances larger than \_\_\_\_\_ are normally not allowed to pass through the filtration membrane.
A) sodium ions
B) glucose
C) albumin     
D) amino acids
E) urea
A

C) albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
26) The process of filtration is driven by
A) active transport.
B) blood osmotic pressure.
C) blood hydrostatic pressure.     
D) renal pumping.
E) solvent drag.
A

B) blood osmotic pressure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
27) The ability to form a concentrated urine depends on the functions of
A) the proximal convoluted tubule.
B) the distal convoluted tubule.
C) the collecting duct.
D) the loop of Henle.     
E) Bowman’s capsule.
A

D) the loop of Henle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

28) The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule normally reabsorb all of the following, except
A) approximately 60 percent of the volume of the filtrate produced in the renal corpuscle.
B) approximately 50 percent of the waste products.
C) cations such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium.
D) anions such as bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, and phosphate.
E) virtually all of the glucose and other nutrients under normal conditions.

A

B) approximately 50 percent of the waste products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

30) When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,
A) more urine is produced.
B) less urine is produced.
C) less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct.
D) the specific gravity of the urine decreases.
E) more salt is secreted by the nephron.

A

B) less urine is produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

31) In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce
A) a larger volume of urine.
B) urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions.
C) urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
D) urine with a lower specific gravity.
E) urine with less urea.

A

D) urine with a lower specific gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
32) The ureters and urinary bladder are lined by \_\_\_\_\_ epithelium.
A) stratified squamous
B) pseudostratified columnar
C) simple cuboidal
D) transitional     
E) simple columnar
A

D) transitional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

34) During the micturition reflex,
A) stimulation of stretch receptors in the bladder wall result in afferent impulses arriving in the lumbar region of the spinal cord.
B) there is increased activity of the parasympathetic motor neurons that control the smooth muscle of the bladder.
C) the internal sphincter must be consciously relaxed.
D) the external sphincter relaxes as the result of a parasympathetic reflex.
E) both C and D

A

B) there is increased activity of the parasympathetic motor neurons that control the smooth muscle of the bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

40) The positioning of the kidneys in the peroneal cavity is maintained by
A) the overlying perineum.
B) contact with adjacent visceral organs.
C) supporting connective tissues.
D) none of the above
E) A, B, and C

A

E) A, B, and C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
45) The filtration of plasma is primarily the function of the
A) loop of Henle.
B) distal convoluted tubule.
C) papillary duct.
D) renal corpuscle.     
E) ureter.
A

D) renal corpuscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
52) An inability of the kidneys to secrete wastes in sufficient amounts to maintain homeostasis will lead to
A) glomerulonephritis.
B) polycystic kidney disease.
C) calculi.
D) renal failure.     
E) hematuria.
A

D) renal failure.

22
Q 
53) The layer of collagen fibers covering the outer surface of the entire kidney is the
A) adipose capsule.
B) renal cortex.
C) renal capsule.     
D) renal fascia.
E) adrenal fascia.
A

C) renal capsule.

23
Q 
57) Measurement of the functions of a nephron reveals a glomerular pressure of 69 mm Hg, and a pressure in the capsular space of 15 mm Hg. Assuming that the plasma osmotic pressure is 30 mm Hg, and that essentially no plasma proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, what is the net glomerular filtration pressure in this case?
A) –6 mm Hg
B) 24 mm Hg     
C) 54 mm Hg
D) 84 mm Hg
E) 114 mm Hg
A

B) 24 mm Hg

24
Q

59) The antidiuretic hormone
A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.
B) is secreted in response to low concentrations of potassium ions in the extracellular fluid.
C) causes the kidneys to produce a larger volume of relatively solute-free urine.
D) helps regulate the concentration of sodium ion in the interstitial space.
E) is sensitive to changes in the blood concentrations of both sodium and potassium.

A

A) increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water.

25
Q 
60) The filtration membrane consists of 
A) glomerular endothelial cells
B) the basal lamina
C) the slit membranes between the pedicels of podocytes
D) A and B are correct. 
E) A, B and C are correct.
A

E) A, B and C are correct.

26
Q

64) Most nephrons are ___________ ______________, which are located in the superficial cortex and have small loops of Henle.

A

Most nephrons are cortical nephrons, which are located in the superficial cortex and have small loops of Henle

27
Q

65) Nephrons located close to the medulla with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal pyramids are called __________________________ ___________.

A

Nephrons located close to the medulla with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal pyramids are called juxtamedullary nephrons

28
Q

66) The _____ _______ is a capillary that surrounds the loop of Henle.

A

The vasa recta is a capillary that surrounds the loop of Henle

29
Q

67) The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is the ________________ ___________________ _________________.

A

The amount of filtrate produced by the kidneys each minute is the glomerular filtration rate

30
Q

68) The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the _______________________.

A

The area of the urinary bladder bounded by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra is called the trigone

31
Q

69) __________________ _________________ ____________ is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.

A

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries

32
Q

70) The ______________ ________________ consists of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule.

A

The renal capsule consists of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

33
Q

The most important factor affecting the glomerular filtration rate is__________________

A

The most important factor affecting the glomerular filtration rate is blood hydrostatic pressure

34
Q

Facultative Na+ reabsorption occurs in the

  	A. glomerulus.
  	B. renal corpuscle.
  	C. efferent arteriole.
  	D. distal convoluted tubule.
  	E. proximal convoluted tubule
A

D. distal convoluted tubule.

because Facultative Na+ reabsorption is regulated by aldosterone.

35
Q

How is Na+ reabsorbed?

  	A. Receptor mediated endocytosis
  	B. Facilitated diffusion
  	C. Active transport using ATP
  	D. Osmosis
  	E. Diffusion
A

C. Active transport using ATP

because Most of the energy used for reabsorption is for Na+.

36
Q

In response to increased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys produce

A. urine with less urea.
B. urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions.
C. urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.
D. a larger volume of urine.
E. urine with a lower specific gravity.

A

C. urine with a lower concentration of sodium ions.

Because Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium followed by water

37
Q

Micturition is

  	A. secretion of acid.
  	B. a mechanism for concentrating urine.
  	C. only present in males.
  	D. production of urine.
  	E. a sacral reflex.
A

E. a sacral reflex.

This reflex is also called urination.

38
Q

Nephron cells that respond to the concentration of filtrate are

  	A. alpha cells.
  	B. juxtaglomerular cells.
  	C. macula densa cells.
  	D. beta cells.
  	E. cystic cells.
A

C. macula densa cells.

These cells help regulate the filtration rate.

39
Q

The blood supply to the nephron is the

  	A. interlobular artery.
  	B. renal artery.
  	C. segmental artery.
  	D. efferent arteriole.
  	E. afferent arteriole.
A

D. afferent arteriole.

Regulation of its diameter is a major way filtration rate is determined.

40
Q

The most important factor affecting the glomerular filtration rate is

  	A. blood osmotic pressure.
  	B. capsular hydrostatic pressure.
  	C. blood hydrostatic pressure.
  	D. capsular osmotic pressure.
  	E. negative pressure.
A

C. blood hydrostatic pressure.

GFR is directly proportional to NFP.

41
Q

Which process results in increased glomerular filtration in response to hormone release?

  	A. Adrenergic response
  	B. Countercurrent mechanism
  	C. Myogenic mechanism
  	D. Tubuloglomerular response
  	E. Renin-angiotensin mechanism
A

E. Renin-angiotensin mechanism

Aldosterone is released by the adrenal cortex and causes vasoconstriction.

42
Q

Which substance below would probably have the lowest reabsorption rate?

  	A. Sodium
  	B. Urea
  	C. Potassium
  	D. Amino acids
  	E. Glucose
	End of Question 17
A

B. Urea

This is a waste product of amino acid metabolism

43
Q

Which urine formation process below results in acid elimination?

  	A. Transport
  	B. Filtration
  	C. Secretion
  	D. Excretion
  	E. Reabsorption
A

C. Secretion

Excessive K+ is also eliminated this way

44
Q

If the efferent arteriole constricts while the afferent arteriole remains unchanged, the glomerular filtration rate

A. decreases.
B. cannot be determined.
C. does NOT change.
D. increases.

A

D. increases.

This will increase glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

45
Q

What is the main substance reabsorbed in the region of the descending limb of the loop of Henle?

A. Ammonia
B. Water
C. Sodium
D. Potassium

A

B. Water

Water is pulled out of the tubule by the medullary osmotic gradient

46
Q

The reabsorption of amino acids and glucose when filtrate concentration is high is by

A. Filtration.
B. active transport.
C. simple diffusion.
D. facilitated diffusion.

A

D. facilitated diffusion.

If there are a lot of amino acids and glucose molecules, ATP is NOT needed to reabsorb them.

47
Q
  1. What is the composition of normal urine?:
A

Urea, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine plus other ions, inorganic and organic compounds.
NB: urine is sterile until it reaches the bladder

48
Q
  1. How much urine is produced in 24 hrs?:
A

30 ml/hr x 24 = 720 ml

49
Q
  1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the pituitary gland, can affect the re-absorption of water from the nephron tubule. Where exactly does ADH have its greatest effect?:
A

Mainly affects the collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules (to a lesser extent) by making them more permeable to water.

50
Q
  1. Two substances other than glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed from the same part of the tubule and the next part of the tubule, the loop. What are they?
A

Water, Mg, Ca etc

51
Q
  1. Where in the nephron does selective re-absorption of glucose and amino acids occur?
A

Proximal convoluted tubules

NUR154 cont (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions