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NUR154 cont > Bones and Skeletal tissue > Flashcards

Bones and Skeletal tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true?

A. Periosteum is important for bone growth in width.

B. The periosteum provides strong attachment and continuity from tendon to bone.

C. Blood vessels enter bone through periosteum.

D. The periosteum consists of an outer dense

E. connective tissue layer and an inner osteogenic layer.

F. All bone in the body is covered by periosteum.

A

F. All bone in the body is covered by periosteum.

Periosteum does NOT cover sesamoid bones, the articular surfaces of bones, or extend around tendon
and ligament insertions on bone

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2
Q

During fetal development intramembranous ossification takes place in

  	connective tissue membranes.
  	center of the epiphysis.
  	lamellae.
  	cartilage.
  	medullary cavity.
A

connective tissue membranes.

Intramembranous ossification begins at approximately the eighth week of development. Cells cluster
within the mesenchymal membrane and become osteoblasts (bone forming cells).

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3
Q

Endochondral and intramembranous are terms that are used to describe

  	the chemical composition of bone.
  	the porosity of bone.
  	the function of adult bone.
  	the development of bone.
  	the structural composition of bone.
A

the development of bone.

Endochondral and intramembranous ossification refer to bone formation and development. Bone
functions, porosity and compositions are independent of the type of bone formation.

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4
Q

The lacunae of bone contain

  	blood cells.
  	bone marrow.
  	chondroblasts.
  	osteocytes.
  	osteons.
A

osteocytes.

Lacunae are small pockets found between narrow sheets of calcified matrix, and osteocytes (bone
cells) are found in lacunae.

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5
Q

The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to

  	intramembranous ossification.
  	endochondral ossification.
  	the process of calcification.
  	the process of healing a fracture.
  	the process of osteopenia.
A

endochondral ossification.

In a long bone, bone growth and elongation occur at the epiphyseal plate where new cartilage is
formed and eventually calcified by osteoblasts (the bone forming cells. The osteoblasts later mature
into osteocytes

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6
Q

The two types of osseous tissue are

  	bones and cartilage.
  	spongy bone and cartilage.
  	compact bone and spongy bone.
  	dense bone and compact bone.
  	long bone and short bone
A

compact bone and spongy bone.

Both compact and spongy bones make up the bone tissue.

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7
Q

Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as

hypertrophic growth.
appositional growth.
interstitial growth.
endochondral growth.

A

interstitial growth.

Growth from inside out is interstitial growth

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8
Q

Spongy bone contains all of the following except

trabeculae.
hydroxyapatite.
collagen fibers.
true osteons.

A

true osteons.

Only compact bone contains osteons

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9
Q

Which of the following is a canal-like passageway?

line.
fossa.
tubercle.
meatus.

A

meatus.

Of these features of bone, only the meatus is a hole or canal.

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10
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Periosteum:
A

Describe the following structures:

  1. Periosteum: Connective tissue outer covering anchors tendons and ligaments
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11
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Articular cartilage:
A
  1. Articular cartilage: Hyaline cartilage - reduces friction
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12
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Epiphysis:
A
  1. Epiphysis: Broad ends - form joints
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13
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Diaphysis:
A
  1. Diaphysis: Shaft
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14
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Medullary cavity:
A
  1. Medullary cavity: Cavity in diaphysis - fat storage in adult
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15
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Endosteum:
A
  1. Endosteum: Thin C/T lining medullary cavity & spaces of cancellous bone
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16
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Red marrow cavity:
A
  1. Red marrow cavity: Found in epiphysis of long bones and cancellous core of other bones – blood production
17
Q

Describe the following structures:

  1. Yellow marrow cavity:
A
  1. Yellow marrow cavity: Cavity in diaphysis of long bones - fat store
    Note that white marrow in the young becomes yellow in adults.
18
Q
  1. Name the five major regions of the vertebral column and list the distinguishing characteristics of each region
A

The distinguishing characteristics of each region are:.
Cervical (7) - Bifid spinous process - transverse foramen
Thoracic (12) - Long spinous process - facets for articulation with ribs
Lumbar (5) - Large body; short stubby spinous process
Sacral (5) - Fused, forms part of pelvic girdle
Coccyx (3-5) -

19
Q
  1. What is the total number of phalanges in the hand
A

14

20
Q
  1. What is the total number of carpals in the hand
A

8

21
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

a. long bones

A
  1. Describe and give examples of:

a. long bones ; Longer than it is wide eg femur, radius, phalanx

22
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

b. short bones:

A

b. short bones: “Square” cube like carpals

23
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

c. flat bones:

A

c. flat bones: Thin, flattened - curved. Skull bones - sternum - blade of ilium

24
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

d. irregular bones:

A

d. irregular bones: Odd shape, eg facial bones, vertebrae, hip

25
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

e. wormian bones:

A

e. wormian bones: Small bones in sutures of skull - usually found in a suture

26
Q
  1. Describe and give examples of:

f. sesamoid bones:

A

f. sesamoid bones: Bones formed within a tendon eg patella; tendon of peroneuslongus

27
Q
  1. Describe the structural characteristic degree of movement for each type of joint. Find examples of each joint type on yourself.

a. Synarthrosis:
b. Amphiarthrosis:
c. Diarthrosis:

A
  1. Describe the structural characteristic degree of movement for each type of joint. Find examples of each joint type on yourself.
    a. Synarthrosis: Non-moveable joint, eg skull sutures
    b. Amphiarthrosis: Slightly moveable, symphysis pubis : intervertebral joints
    c. Diarthrosis: Freely moveable - most joints
28
Q
  1. Describe the structure and function of the following tissues in relation to a synovial joint.

a. Ligament
b. Tendon
c. Cartilage
d. Synovial membrane
e. Bursa

A
  1. Describe the structure and function of the following tissues in relation to a synovial joint.
    a. Ligament Tough, dense regular C/T - joins bone to bone stabilises joint
    b. Tendon Dense regular C/T : Joins muscle to bone
    c. Cartilage Hyaline - smooth. Reduce friction
    d. Synovial membrane Membrane lining synovial cavity - secretes synovial fluid - prevent bone ends meeting in joint
    e. Bursa Fluid filled sac - where tendon crosses a joint

NUR154 cont (5 decks)

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