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NURSING INCO 1 > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

A 2 bean - shaped organs which are located retroperitoneally in costovertebral angle (CVA)

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

Light in color and granular in appearances.

A

Cortex

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3
Q

It is surrounded by Bowman’s Capsule

A

Glomerulus

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4
Q

Contains the loop of Henle, Vasarecta and Renal Pyramids

A

Medulla

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5
Q

The kidney receives how many percent of total amount of Cardiac output

A

20-25%

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6
Q

It is a basic structural unit of kidney; responsible for urine formation.

A

Nephrons

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7
Q

It secretes renin

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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8
Q

Normal value of GFR

A

125ml/min

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9
Q

Normal UO in ml/hr

A

40-60 ml/hr

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10
Q

Normal UO Per day

A

1,500/day

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11
Q

It is where the urine flows out and go through the renal pelvis

A

Renal pyramids

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12
Q

It is Responsible for H20 reabsorption

A

Loop of Henle

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13
Q

It regulates renal blood flow and improve normal renal tissue perfusion

A

Vasa recta

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14
Q

A type of nephron which responsible for urine formation

A

Cortical Nephrons

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15
Q

In case of Renal Failure what is the only acid base imbalanced occur

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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16
Q

DOC for hyperkalemia

A

Kayexalate/ Sodium Polystyrene sulfonate/exchange resin

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17
Q

What is the action of Kayexalate in case of R.F

A

It exchanges for sodium Ions in the body and eliminates excess potassium

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18
Q

Is there a need to give a small amount of insulin for the pt. who had hyperkalemia? Why?

A

Yes because Potassium have close affinity with glucose

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18
Q

What are the 2 organs helps in activation of Vit. D?

A

Liver and Kidneys

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19
Q

In case of R.F related to Hypercalcemia what complication may occur?

A

Renal Osteodystrophy

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20
Q

Responsible for guarding the cell

A

Calcium

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21
Q

What will happen with the pt. with hypercalcemia?

M T S C P C

A

Muscle Twitching
Seizures
Convulsions
Paresthesia
Cell excitability

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22
Q

What manifest in pt. with hypernatremia

A

presence of edema

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23
Q

Explain the RAAS

A

Presence of hypovolemia/decreased BP
Juxtamedullary will release renin
Renin stimulates liver to produce angiotensinogen
Converted to Angiotensinogen 1 by ACE released by the lungs
Then Angiotensinogen will now activated that causes vaso
stimulate the released of ADH

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24
Q

It is the hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC. Carries oxygenated blood to the tissues and cells

A

Erythropoietin

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25
Q

DOC for anemia

A

Epoetin/ Epoetin Alfa

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26
Q

Released by the atria of the heart in response to increased volume and stretch occurs in increased extracellular volume.

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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27
Q

It is a hormone that inhibits ADH

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

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28
Q

Located Posterior to the symphysis pubis

A

Urinary bladder

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29
Q

In female urinary bladder lies immediately in front of the?

A

Vagina/uterus

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30
Q

In male urinary bladder lies immediately in front of the?

A

Rectum

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31
Q

Urinary bladder holds about?

A

500 - 800 ml of urine

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32
Q

It is a smooth triangular portion of the base of the bladder outlined by these openings

A

Trigone wall

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33
Q

A muscle that contract to propel urine out of to urethra

A

Detrusor

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34
Q

It allows the bladder to expand or contract accdg to the amount of urine it holds

A

Detrusor

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35
Q

A thin - walled muscular tube that channels urine to the outside of the body

A

Urethra

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36
Q

How many inches of female’s urethra?

A

1 1/2 inches

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37
Q

How many inches of male’s urethra?

A

5 - 6 inches

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38
Q

Red, Dark color of urine

A

Presence of blood in the urine

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39
Q

Smoky color of urine

A

Microscopic Hematuria

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40
Q

Cloudy color of urine

A

Infection

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41
Q

Colorless color of urine

A

FVE / Overhydration

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42
Q

Very Dark yellow color of urine

A

FVD/Dehydration

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43
Q

Red/Red Brown color of urine

A

Pt. is taking Terocin/Rifampicin

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44
Q

Orange color of urine

A

Severe DHN

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45
Q

Blue/Green color of urine

A

Pt. is taking Elavil (Anti - depressant)

46
Q

Brown/Black color of urine

A

Lysol poisoning

47
Q

Milky color of urine

A

Presence of fats

48
Q

Ph level of urine

A

4.5 - 8 (Slightly acidic)

49
Q

Specific Gravity of urine

A

1.010 - 1.025

50
Q

BUN level

A

10-20 mg/dL

51
Q

Serum Creatinine

A

0.4 to 1.2

52
Q

Serum uric acid

A

2.2 to 5.5

53
Q

Serum Albumin

A

3.2 to 5.5

54
Q

Normal Value of RBC

A

48% to 54%

55
Q

HCT male

A

41 -50

56
Q

HCT Female

A

36 - 45

57
Q

Creatinine Clearance

A

97 - 127 (male)
85 - 135 (female)

58
Q

How many hours of urine collection should done

A

12 - 24 hrs

59
Q

It is a procedure the has a direct visualization of urethral bladder or the other internal structures

A

Cystoscopy

60
Q

What are you preparation before cystoscopy

A

Laxatives and Sedatives

61
Q

Why does pt. undergo Local anesthesia should increase his/her Fluid intake?

A

To prevent ascending urinary tract infection

62
Q

Recommended position in Cystoscopy

A

Lithotomy

63
Q

Why does a pt. undergo cystoscopy need a bed rest ?

A

To prevent orthostatic hypotension or supine hypertensive syndrome

64
Q

WOF after cycstoscopy

L B H A C F

A

Low UO
Bright bleeding
Hematuria
Abdominal Pain
Chills
Fever

65
Q

Is Pink - tinged urine after cystoscopy normal?

A

Yes

66
Q

It is a use of medium contrast

A

Intravenous Pyelogram

67
Q

What do you call the contrast medium?

A

Hypaque

68
Q

What medication should you have at bedside if the pt. undergo Intravenous pyelogram?

A

Epinephrine

69
Q

S/Sx of Delayed allergic reaction

S P R D

A

SOB
Pruritus
Rashes
Dyspnea

70
Q

It is a painless procedure with no special preparation done

A

KUB (Kidney Ureters Bladder)

71
Q

Aspiration of sample tissue through fine needle

A

Renal biopsy

72
Q

Bed rest for how many hours

A

24 hrs

73
Q

Why do we need to obtain HCT and HGB in 8hrs?

A

To detect internal bleeding

74
Q

How many weeks should the pt. undergo renal biopsy avoid having strenuous activities?

A

2 weeks

75
Q

Recommended position for renal biopsy

A

Prone

76
Q

Why do we need to test the PTT of the pt. undergo R.B?

A

To check/measures blood clotting occurs

77
Q

Therapeutic range of PTT

A

1.5 - 2x the normal value

78
Q

Normal value of PTT

A

11 to 16 secs

79
Q

Exact Location of the kidey

A

Between 3rd Lumbar and 12 Thoracic

80
Q

Weight of the Kidney

A

120-130g(4.5oz)

81
Q

Length of the kidney

A

5-6 inches/10-12cm

82
Q

Width of the kidney

A

2-3 inches/6cm

83
Q

Thickness of the kidney

A

2-3cm

84
Q

Why does the right kidney is lower than the left kidney

A

Because of the presence of Liver at the top of the Right kidney

85
Q

On top of the kidney is the Liver. Then, what is present on the top of the liver

A

Adrenal gland(medulla/cortex)

86
Q

The outer layer of the kidney

A

CORTEX

87
Q

A layer of the kidney that contains the Glomerulus

A
88
Q

It is a taft of capillaries that is site for Filtration of waste and other important substances

A

GLOMERULUS

89
Q

Approximately 1 cm wide

A

CORTEX

90
Q

The inner layer of the kidney

A

MEDULLA

91
Q

Approximately 5cm wide

A
92
Q

Each kidney contains hoe many Nephrons

A

1 million nephrons

93
Q

It is a tube connected to the renal pyramid

A

RENAL PELVIS

94
Q

Where the urine flow to the renal pelvis doen to the ureter

A

RENAL PELVIS

95
Q

Over production of Urine

A

POLYURIA

96
Q

Decrease production of urine

A

Oliguria

97
Q

Zero Production of Urine

A

Anuria

98
Q

Blood in the Urine

A

Hematuria

99
Q

Pus in the urine

A

Pyuria

100
Q

Painful urination

A

Dysuria

101
Q

Painful sexual intercourse

A

Dyspareunia

102
Q

Excessive urination at night

A

Nocturia

103
Q

The 8 function of the kidney

A

Urine formation
Excretion of waste products
Regulation of electrolytes
Regulation of acid base balance
Control of water balance and BP
Regulation of RBC production
Synthesis of vitamin D to active form
Secretions of prostaglandins

104
Q

What are the waste products present in the blood that should excrete by the kidney

A

Urea
Uric acid
Nitrogen
Creatinine

105
Q

Drug of choice for METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

A

SODIUM BICARBONATE

106
Q

Normal value of magnesium

A

1.5-2.5mg/dL

107
Q

Electrolyte imbalance present in magnesium

A

Hypermagnesemia

108
Q

Electrolyte imbalance present in Phosporus

A

Hyperphospatimia: Hypocalcemia

Phosphorus are inversely proportional with calcium

109
Q

Normal value of Phosphorus

A

2.5-3.5mEq/L

110
Q

Electrolyte imbalance present in Potassium

A

Hyperkalemia

111
Q

Normal value of Potassium

A

3.5-4.5mEq/L

112
Q

Medication that can give to Hyperkalemia patient

A

CALCIUM GLUCONATE
SODIUM BICARBONATE
KAYEXALATE
GLUCOSE
DIALYSIS
INSULIN

NURSING INCO 1 (6 decks)

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