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NURSING INCO 1 > RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q

Serves as a passageway for air to pass to and and from the lungs

A

Nose

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2
Q

It filters impurities and humidifies and warms the air as it is inhaled

A

Nose

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3
Q

The EXTERNAL OPENING of the nasal cavities allow air to enter the nose and pass into the nasal cavity

A

Nostrils/Nares

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4
Q

A vestibule that has a hair like projections called?

A

Vibrissae

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5
Q

Narrow vertical DIVIDER that separates the right and left nasal cavities

A

Nasal septum

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6
Q

It forms the UPPER CHAMBER of the nasal cavities that function to increase the surface area of nasal cavities. Thus providing RAPID warming and humidification of air as it passes to the lungs

A

Conchae

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7
Q

Air - filled extensions of the nasal cavity which are four pairs of bony cavities that are lined with nasal mucosa and ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

A

Paranasal sinuses

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8
Q

Serve as RESONATING CHAMBER in speech “Common site of infection”

A

Paranasal sinuses

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9
Q

Pain above the eyebrow

A

Frontal sinus

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10
Q

Pain in and around the eyes

A

Ethmoid sinus

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11
Q

Pain around the cheeks

A

Maxillary sinus

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12
Q

Pain behind the eyes

A

Sphenoid sinus

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13
Q

Inflammation of sinus

A

Sinusitis

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14
Q

What are the 3 causative agent of sinusitis

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influence
Moraxella Catarrhalis

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15
Q

DOC of pain for sinusitis

A

Codiene

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16
Q

SE of codiene

A

Drowsiness and Constipation

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17
Q

Why not ASA (Aspirin)

A

May cause nasal polyps

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18
Q

DOC antibiotics for sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin for 7 to 10 days

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19
Q

Nasal decongestants

A

Dimetapp
Sudafed
For 24 to 72 hrs

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20
Q

A tube-like structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx

A

Pharynx

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21
Q

Passageway for the respiratory and digestive tracts

A

Pharynx

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22
Q

S/sx of Catarrhal Syndrome

A

Coryza
Headache
Ear pain
Fever

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23
Q

What is the Causative agent of fungal sinusitis

A

Candida Albicans

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24
Q

Muscular box - shaped passageway posterior to the nose/ behind the nose just above the roof of mouth above the soft palate

A

Nasopharynx

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25
Q

Allows air to pass from the nose into windpipe and eventually into the lungs common site for suction cathether

A

Nasopharynx

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26
Q

Includes the back part of the tongue, tonsils, soft palate and the sides and walls of the throat

A

Oropharynx

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27
Q

Refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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28
Q

Regulates the passage of air to the lungs and food and fluid to the esophagus

A

Laryngopharynx

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29
Q

Opens when you speak; Closes when you eat

A

Epiglottis

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30
Q

Flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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31
Q

Forms the entrance to the larynx/ covers the larynx

A

Epiglottis

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32
Q

Keeps food and liquid from getting into the respiratory system

A

Epiglottis

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33
Q

Lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat

A

Tonsils

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34
Q

They help to filter out bacteria and other germs to prevent infection in the obdy

A

Tonsils

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35
Q

Recommended position After tonsillectomy (UNCONSCIOUS)

What is the rationale

A

Prone, head turn to other side with pillow under the chest
Why? To promote drainage of secretions and to prevent aspiration

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36
Q

Recommended position After tonsillectomy (AWAKE) and Rationale

A

Semi fowler
Why? To promote lung expansion

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37
Q

S/Sx of Hemorrhage after tonsillectomy

A

Restlessness
Frequent swallowing
Dec. BP
Hematemesis/Hemoptysis
Melana for 2 to 3 days
+ blood in the nape
Hypotension
Decrease Level of consciousness

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38
Q

Causative agent of tonsilitis

A

GABHS (Group A Beta Hemolytic Streptoccocus)

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39
Q

Why milk is contraindicated after tonsillectomy?

A

May cause viscosity of secretions/ mucous

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40
Q

Why we need to encourage the pt. to avoid coughing, sneezing, blowing nose for 1-2 weeks

A

To avoid occurrence of wound dehiscence

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41
Q

Why PTT need to rule out?

A

Tonsillectomy is bloody pt may prone to bleeding

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42
Q

Tonsillectomy is only allowed how many times per year?

A

1-3x

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43
Q

If tonsillectomy left untreated what are the possible complications?

A

Acute glomerulus nephrons (AGN)
Renal Failure

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44
Q

S/Sx of tonsillitis
(D E H F T)

A

Dysphagia
Ear pain
Halitosis
Fever
Throat discomfort when drinking hot/acidic Beverages

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45
Q

A cartilaginous epithelium - lined structure that connects the pharynx and the trachea. The major function is VOCALIZATION

A

Larynx

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46
Q

Protects the lower airway from foreign substances and facilities coughing

A

Larynx

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47
Q

Initial manifestation of LARYNGEAL CANCER

A

Hoarseness of voice

48
Q

Effects of TOTAL LARYNGECTOMY

A

Loss of permanent voice
Loss of smell
Inability to:
B - low
S - neeze/sip from straw
W -histle
G- argle
V- alsalva maneuver

49
Q

Composed of smooth muscle with C- shaped rings of cartilage at regular intervals.

A

Trachea

50
Q

Serves as the passage between the larynx and the bronchi; allowing the passage of air

A

Trachea

51
Q

It is paired elastic structures enclosed in the thoracic cage. “MAJOR ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM”

A

Lungs

52
Q

Right and left has?

A

R: 3 lobes ; L: 2 lobes

53
Q

This organ separated by the mediastinum the area that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and many lymph node

A

Lungs

54
Q

Predisposing factors of LUNG CANCER

A

Excess cigarette smoking
Expose to asbestos
Hereditary

55
Q

4 WARNING SIGNS OF LUNG CANCER? PHRC

A

P- ersistent hacking non - persistent cough
H - emoptysis
R - usty colored sputum
C - hest pain/Arm pain

56
Q

Late signs of LUNG CANCER WAWA

A

W -eakness
A- nemia
W - eight loss
A- norexia

57
Q

Removal of lungs

A

Pneumonectomy

58
Q

Recommended position for Pneumonectomy

A

Towards the AFFECTED SIDE
Rationale: To prevent leakage of fluid into the unaffected side
To avoid Pneumothorax

59
Q

Why do we need to avoid full side lying?

A

To avoid mediastinal shift

60
Q

Removal of Lobe

A

Lobectomy

61
Q

Recommended position for Lobectomy

A

Towards the UNAFFECTED SIDE
Rationale: To prevent re - expansion of the affected part of the lungs

62
Q

Inflammation of lung tissue/ Lung pharynchema

A

Pneumonia

63
Q

What is the hallmark of Pneumonia

A

Rusty colored sputum

64
Q

Located in the middle of the thorax, between the pleural sacs that contain the two lungs

A

Mediastinum

65
Q

It extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and contains all the thoracic tissue outside the lungss

A

Mediastinum

66
Q

A serous membrane that lines the lungs and wall of the thorax

A

Pleural

67
Q

A type of pleura that “Covers the lungs”

A

Visceral

68
Q

A type of pleura that “Lines the thorax”

A

Parietal

69
Q

Serve to lubricate the thorax and lungs and permit smooth motion of the lungs within the thoracic cavity with each other

A

Pleura

70
Q

Amount of fluid in the pleural space

A

10 -20 ml

71
Q

Accumulation of fluid in pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

72
Q

Water in pleural space

A

Hydrothorax

73
Q

Blood in pleural space

A

Hemothorax

74
Q

Inflammation of pleurae

A

Pleurisy

75
Q

Air in pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

76
Q

Accumulation of pus/purulent in the pleural cavity

A

Empyema

77
Q

Removal of fluid/air from the pleural cavity

A

Thoracentesis

78
Q

Recommended position DURING thoracentesis

A

Sitting upright, leaning forward

79
Q

Recommended position AFTER thoracentesis

A

TOWARDS UNAFFACTED SIDE ; to prevent leakage of fluid to the affected side

80
Q

The large tubes that connect to the trachea and direct the air that we breathe to the right and left lungs

A

Bronchi

81
Q

The smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract that lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli

A

Bronchioles

82
Q

Dilatation of bronchiole’s

A

Bronchiectasis

83
Q

Hallmark of Bronchiectasis

A

Persistent not productive cough

84
Q

Purulent sputum is greater than

A

500ml/day

85
Q

Tiny air sac that function sac as basic respiratory units

A

Alveoli

86
Q

It is a type of alveolar cells that secret surfactant a phospholipid that lines the inner surface and prevents alveolar collapse

A

TYPE II

87
Q

It is a type of alveolar cells that major gas exchange occurs

A

TYPE I

88
Q

It is a type of alveolar cells that engulf bacteria/ ingest foreign matter and act as important defense mechanism

A

TYPE III

89
Q

This test measures the amount of 2 substances that are found in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy

A

Lecithin Sphingomyelin Ratio

89
Q

DOC For ARDS

A

Betamethasone
Dexamethasone

90
Q

Overdistention of Alveoli

A

Emphysema

91
Q

Hallmark of emphysema

A

Barrel chest/ Inc. AP diameter

92
Q

Safest amount of O2

A

1-2 L/min

93
Q

DIET OF pt. with COPD

A

Inc. Protein and Vit. C
Dec. Carbs and fats

94
Q

What electrolyte imbalance for COPD

A

Respiratory Acidosis
Decrease PH Increase CO2

95
Q

Vestibule is also called

A

NASAL CAVITY

96
Q

It extends from hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage

A

LARYNGOPHARYNX

97
Q

Readily infects the mucous membrane of the sinus

A

VIRAL SINUSITIS

98
Q

It follows after an allergic reaction

A

ACUTE SINUSITIS

99
Q

Follows after 2 weeks of an upper respiratory infection

A

CHRONIC SINUSITIS

100
Q

Inflammation of the tonsils

A

TONSILLITIS

101
Q

If tonsillitis occurs more than 4 to 6x a year

A

Tonsillectomy

102
Q

Nursing Intervention for Sore throat

A

WARM SALINE GARGLE

103
Q

Nursing intervention for post tonsillectomy

A

-Provide Ice chips/Cold Chips
-Avoid red/dark colored beverages why? It may conceal the s/sx of Bleeding

104
Q

Expected color of stool for few days

A

BALCK TARRY STOOL/MELENA
Why?
Due to the Blood that swallowed

105
Q

It is also called as VOICE BOX

A

LARYNX

106
Q

Cause of Laryngeal cancer

A

Excessive smoking
Exposure to asbestos

107
Q

It is also called as the WIND PIPE

A

TRACHEA

108
Q

The trachea is about how many cm or inches

A

11-13cm or 5-6 inches

109
Q

It is the confinement of organs in one area or one side only due to pneumothorax

A

MEDIASTINAL SHIFT

110
Q

Chest tube is not required in this procedure to prevent pneumothorax

A

PNEUMONECTOMY

111
Q

In this procedure it requires Chest tube

A
112
Q

Amount of fluid withdrawn during thoracentesis

A

Not more than 60ml

113
Q

How many alveoli is present in the lungs that arranged in a cluster of 15 to 20

A

300 million

114
Q

Normal ratio in LSR

A

2:1

115
Q

This test indicates fetal lung maturity

A

LSR LECITHIN SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO

116
Q

A disease that causes lung immaturity

A

ARDS

NURSING INCO 1 (6 decks)

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