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PHYSIOLOGY FINALS 2ND SEM > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

URINARY SYSTEM is Consists of?

A

➔ Two kidneys
➔ Two ureters
➔ Bladder
➔ Urethra

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2
Q

give the size, weight, shape and location of the kidney

A

❖ Size: 3 x 6 x 12 cm
❖ Weight: 130 g
❖ Shape: bean shaped
❖ Location: lie on the posterior abdominal wall; T12 – L3 vertebral level; right is slightly below than the left

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3
Q

give the 3 muscles that is found on the posterior of the kidneys

A

Psos major
Quadratus lumborum
Tranversus abdominis

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4
Q

external feature of the kidney that is a fibrous connective tissue

A

RENAL CAPSULE

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5
Q

external feature of the kidney that is a fibroelastic connective tissue

A

RENAL FASCIA

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6
Q

kidney structure that Transport oxygenated blood from the heart and aorta to kidneys for filtration

A

RENAL ARTERY

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7
Q

Transport the filtered, deoxygenated blood from kidneys to the posterior vena cava and finally the heart

A

RENAL VEIN

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8
Q

Outer membrane which encloses and protects kidneys against infections and trauma

A

RENAL CAPSULE

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9
Q

Outer layer (granulated) of the kidney that contains most of the nephrons

A

RENAL CORTEX

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10
Q

Physiological unit of the kidney used for filtration of blood, and reabsorption and secretion of materials. Most basic microscopic structures of the kidneys

A

NEPHRON

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11
Q

how many nephrons does kidney contain?

A

about 1 million nephrons

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12
Q

3 layers/ covering of the kidney from superficial to deep

A

RENAL CORTEX
RENAL MEDULLA
RENAL PELVIS

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13
Q

Inner layer (radially striated) of the kidney. Site for salt, water, and urea absorption

A

RENAL MEDULLA

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14
Q

Triangular shaped unit in the medulla
Houses the loop of henle and collecting duct of the nephron

A

RENAL PYRAMID

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15
Q

Used as a space for blood vessels. Area between the pyramids, located in the medulla

A

RENAL COLUMN

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16
Q

The tips of the renal pyramids. Release urine into the calyces

A

RENAL PAPILLAE

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17
Q

Collecting sacs that surround the renal papillae. Transport urine from renal papillae to renal pelvis

A

RENAL CALYCES

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18
Q

Tubes that transports urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder

A

URETER

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19
Q

Functions as a temporary reservoir for urine. Hollow, expandable, muscular organ located in the pelvic girdle

A

URINARY BLADDER

20
Q

7 functions of the kidney (A WET BED)

A

❖ A – maintaining ACID-BASE balance
❖ W – maintain WATER balance
❖ E – ELECTROLYTE balance
❖ T – TOXIN removal
❖ B – BLOOD PRESSURE control
❖ E – making ERYTHROPOIETIN
❖ D – vitamin D metabolism

21
Q

2 types of nephrons

A

CORTICAL
JUXTAMEDULLARY

22
Q

type of nephron in which the loop of henle does not extend past the cortex of the kidney

A

CORTICAL

23
Q

Type of nephron in which the Loop of henle extends past the cortex and into the medulla of the kidney

A

JUXTAMEDULLARY

24
Q

2 types of arterioles

A

EFFERENT
AFFERENT

25
Q

an arteriole that Transport filtered blood from glomerulus through the peritubular capillaries and the vasa recta

A

EFFERENT

26
Q

an arteriole that Transport arterial blood to glomerulus for filtration

A

AFFERENT

27
Q

Transport reabsorbed materials from the PCT (Proximal convoluted tubule) and DCT (Distal convoluted tubule) into the general circulation. Help complete the conservation process (reabsorption)

A

PERITUBULAR ARTERIES

28
Q

Renal blood flow Is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the renal artery and the renal vein, and is inversely proportional to the resistance of the renal vasculature (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

TRUE

29
Q

2 types of autoregulation mechanism

A
  1. Myogenic
  2. Tubuloglomerular
30
Q

a Feedback mechanism intrinsic to kidney and Keeps RBF and GFR (Glomerular filtration rate) relatively constant despite changes in arterial pressure. It Range from 70-160 mm of Hg

A

AUTOREGULATION

31
Q

Renal afferent arterioles contract in response to stretch. Thus, increased renal arterial pressure stretches the arterioles

A

MYOGENIC

32
Q

Increased renal arterial pressure leads to increased delivery of fluid to the macula densa. Links sodium and chloride concentration at the macula densa

A

TUBULOGLOMERULAR

33
Q

Secreted by heart muscle cells. Released by atrial myocytes in response to high increased pressure and volume. A Powerful vasodilator

A

ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP)

34
Q

what are the effects of ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) to renal

A

❖Dilates afferent arteriole
❖ Constricts efferent arteriole
❖ Increases blood flow through vasa recta

35
Q

Specialized region of a nephron where the afferent arteriole and Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) come in direct contact with each other

A

JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS

36
Q

what are the 3 components of juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

➔ Juxtaglomerular cells
➔ Macula densa cells
➔ Extraglomerular mesangial cells (Lacis cells)

37
Q

Modified smooth muscle cells of afferent arteriole including renin.

A

JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS (JG)

38
Q

(Na+ sensors) of Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) which function as chemoreceptors to sense changes in the solute concentration and flow rate of filtrate

A

MACULA DENSA CELLS

39
Q

Forming connections via actin and microtubules which allow for selective vasoconstriction/vasodilation of the renal afferent and efferent arterioles

A

EXTRAGLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS (LACIS CELLS)

40
Q

a hormone system within the body that is essential for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance

A

RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM

41
Q

The RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE system is mainly comprised of these three hormones

A

renin
angiotensin II
aldosterone

42
Q

At plasma glucose concentrations greater than 350 mg/dL, the carriers are saturated. Therefore, increases in plasma concentration above 350 mg/dL do not result in increased rates of reabsorption (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

TRUE

43
Q

NA+ is freely filtered across the glomerular capillaries. It is reabsorbed along the entire nephron, and very little is excreted in urine (TRUE OR FALSE)

A

TRUE

44
Q

the following are true about the thick ascending loop of henle, except:

a. 25%
b. Impermeable to water
c. NONE (All statements are true)
d. Diluting segment
e. Na-K-Cl channel

A

C. NONE (All statements are true)

45
Q

Stimulates NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb. Therefore, increases corticopapillary osmotic gradient

A

ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH OR VASOPRESSIN)

46
Q

used as a method of estimating GFR (GROWTH FILTRATION RATE)

A

Cockcroft-gault formula

47
Q

what is the GFR (GROWTH FILTRATION RATE) formula for men and women?

A

➔ GFR men = [(140-age) x weight] (sr. cr x 72)
➔ GFR women = [(140-age) x weight x 0.85] (sr. cr x 72)

PHYSIOLOGY FINALS 2ND SEM (4 decks)

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