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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 4 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

unit responsible for urine production and excretory function

A

kidney

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2
Q

in the medullary portion of the kidney

A

collecting ducts and medullary pyramids

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3
Q

number of kidney(s) and ureter(s)

A

2

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4
Q

number of bladder(s) and urethra(s)

A

1

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5
Q

ph balance, salt and water balance, regulation of blood volume

A

kidney functions

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6
Q

percent of filtrate that gets reabsorbed

A

99%

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7
Q

percent of filtrate that turns into urine

A

1%

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8
Q

acts on collecting duct and DCT

A

ADH

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9
Q

allows for more H2O reabsorption, less GFR, more BV, more BD

A

ADH

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10
Q

why is the glomerulus good at circulation

A

leaky

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11
Q

ball of twisted cappilaries

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

what pressure pushes fluid out of glomerulus

A

hydrostatic

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13
Q

involved in reabsorption and secretion of fluid

A

low pressure

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14
Q

where glucose and amino acid reabsorbed

A

PCT

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15
Q

why are the collecting ducts important

A

concentrates and dilutes urine

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16
Q

causes changes to nephron and decreases filtrate production

A

sympathetic regulation

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17
Q

too much ADH, dark amber color

A

concentrated urine

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18
Q

reabsorption and secretion

A

peritubular capillary

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19
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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20
Q

how many nephrons does each kidney have

A

more than 1 million

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21
Q

what percentage of nephrons are found in the outer region of the kidney (cortex)

A

85%

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22
Q

what percentage of nephrons are found in the inner region of the kidney (medulla)

A

15%

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23
Q

contains small triangular units called pyramids

A

medulla

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24
Q

contain collecting ducts

A

pyramids

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25
Q

receives filtrates from nephrons

A

collecting ducts

26
Q

produces filtrate

A

nephron

27
Q

process done by renal capsule

A

filtration

28
Q

process done 65 % by DCT, mainly glucose and amino acids

A

reabsorption

29
Q

process done mostly at DCT and collecting duct

A

secretion

30
Q

contains a renal corpuscle and renal tubule

A

nephron

31
Q

has a glomerulus and a bowman’s capsule

A

renal corpuscle

32
Q

under high hydrostatic pressure and is leaky due to slits/fenestrations in walls

A

glomerulus

33
Q

consisting of PCT, loop of henle, and DCT

A

renal tubule

34
Q

does filtration

A

renal corpusule

35
Q

does reabsorption and filtration

A

renal tubule

36
Q

receives blood from the afferent arteriole and is drained by the efferent arteriole

A

glomerulus

37
Q

bulk transport of water and solutes towards the renal capsule and renal tubules

A

filtration

38
Q

should not contain red blood cells, formed elements, and proteins

A

filtrate

39
Q

high hydrostatic pressure, voluminous, large surface area, leaky

A

glomerulus

40
Q

name for filtration occurring at the renal corpuscle

A

glomerular filtration (GFR)

41
Q

short term, involving immediate vasodilation and vasoconstriction

A

myogenic autoregulation

42
Q

causes a vasoconstriction of arteriole wall, lowers GFR, slows down filtrate production, less urinary output, blood volume increases, blood pressure increases

A

sympathetic nervous stimulation

43
Q

regulate long term control of kidney

A

hormones

44
Q

acts on DCT and collecting ducts to reabsorb water, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure

A

ADH

45
Q

activates sodium and potassium pumps, sodium gets reabsorbed and by osmosis water gets reabsorbed by the kidney tubule

A

aldosterone

46
Q

triggers more ADH and aldosterone release causing more water retention, increase in thirst causes vasoconstriction of blood

A

angiotensin II

47
Q

lowers GFR

A

ADH, aldosterone, angiotensin II

48
Q

NFP (net filtration) increases

A

GFR increases

49
Q

consists of proximal convoluted tube, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tube

A

renal tubule

50
Q

contributes to massive reabsorption of water, found in peritubular capillaries

A

low pressure

51
Q

K+ ions, H+ ions, NH3 (ammonia), NH4 (ammonia ions), creatine, certain drugs

A

substances secreted by renal tubules and collecting ducts

52
Q

limits the rate at which a substance can be transported

A

number of carrier proteins

53
Q

micturition

A

urination

54
Q

involuntarily begins contracting

A

detrusor muscle (smooth muscle)

55
Q

under parasympathetic control, relaxes

A

internal urethral sphincter

56
Q

under voluntary control by somatic nervous system, tells this muscle to contract/relax

A

external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)

57
Q

urethra that’s shorter than males

A

females

58
Q

increases number of UTI’s

A

shorter urethras

59
Q

have an increased rate of incontinence

A

females

60
Q

this sex’s urethral opening is located between the symphysis pubis and vagina

A

female

Anatomy & Physiology Unit 4 (3 decks)

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