Urinary System

Question 1

unit responsible for urine production and excretory function

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

in the medullary portion of the kidney

Answer 2

collecting ducts and medullary pyramids

Question 3

number of kidney(s) and ureter(s)

Answer 3

2

Question 4

number of bladder(s) and urethra(s)

Answer 4

1

Question 5

ph balance, salt and water balance, regulation of blood volume

Answer 5

kidney functions

Question 6

percent of filtrate that gets reabsorbed

Answer 6

99%

Question 7

percent of filtrate that turns into urine

Answer 7

1%

Question 8

acts on collecting duct and DCT

Answer 8

ADH

Question 9

allows for more H2O reabsorption, less GFR, more BV, more BD

Answer 9

ADH

Question 10

why is the glomerulus good at circulation

Answer 10

leaky

Question 11

ball of twisted cappilaries

Answer 11

glomerulus

Question 12

what pressure pushes fluid out of glomerulus

Answer 12

hydrostatic

Question 13

involved in reabsorption and secretion of fluid

Answer 13

low pressure

Question 14

where glucose and amino acid reabsorbed

Answer 14

PCT

Question 15

why are the collecting ducts important

Answer 15

concentrates and dilutes urine

Question 16

causes changes to nephron and decreases filtrate production

Answer 16

sympathetic regulation

Question 17

too much ADH, dark amber color

Answer 17

concentrated urine

Question 18

reabsorption and secretion

Answer 18

peritubular capillary

Question 19

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 19

nephron

Question 20

how many nephrons does each kidney have

Answer 20

more than 1 million

Question 21

what percentage of nephrons are found in the outer region of the kidney (cortex)

Answer 21

85%

Question 22

what percentage of nephrons are found in the inner region of the kidney (medulla)

Answer 22

15%

Question 23

contains small triangular units called pyramids

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

contain collecting ducts

Answer 24

pyramids

Question 25

receives filtrates from nephrons

Answer 25

collecting ducts

Question 26

produces filtrate

Answer 26

nephron

Question 27

process done by renal capsule

Answer 27

filtration

Question 28

process done 65 % by DCT, mainly glucose and amino acids

Answer 28

reabsorption

Question 29

process done mostly at DCT and collecting duct

Answer 29

secretion

Question 30

contains a renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Answer 30

nephron

Question 31

has a glomerulus and a bowman's capsule

Answer 31

renal corpuscle

Question 32

under high hydrostatic pressure and is leaky due to slits/fenestrations in walls

Answer 32

glomerulus

Question 33

consisting of PCT, loop of henle, and DCT

Answer 33

renal tubule

Question 34

does filtration

Answer 34

renal corpusule

Question 35

does reabsorption and filtration

Answer 35

renal tubule

Question 36

receives blood from the afferent arteriole and is drained by the efferent arteriole

Answer 36

glomerulus

Question 37

bulk transport of water and solutes towards the renal capsule and renal tubules

Answer 37

filtration

Question 38

should not contain red blood cells, formed elements, and proteins

Answer 38

filtrate

Question 39

high hydrostatic pressure, voluminous, large surface area, leaky

Answer 39

glomerulus

Question 40

name for filtration occurring at the renal corpuscle

Answer 40

glomerular filtration (GFR)

Question 41

short term, involving immediate vasodilation and vasoconstriction

Answer 41

myogenic autoregulation

Question 42

causes a vasoconstriction of arteriole wall, lowers GFR, slows down filtrate production, less urinary output, blood volume increases, blood pressure increases

Answer 42

sympathetic nervous stimulation

Question 43

regulate long term control of kidney

Answer 43

hormones

Question 44

acts on DCT and collecting ducts to reabsorb water, increase blood volume, and increase blood pressure

Answer 44

ADH

Question 45

activates sodium and potassium pumps, sodium gets reabsorbed and by osmosis water gets reabsorbed by the kidney tubule

Answer 45

aldosterone

Question 46

triggers more ADH and aldosterone release causing more water retention, increase in thirst causes vasoconstriction of blood

Answer 46

angiotensin II

Question 47

lowers GFR

Answer 47

ADH, aldosterone, angiotensin II

Question 48

NFP (net filtration) increases

Answer 48

GFR increases

Question 49

consists of proximal convoluted tube, loop of henle, and distal convoluted tube

Answer 49

renal tubule

Question 50

contributes to massive reabsorption of water, found in peritubular capillaries

Answer 50

low pressure

Question 51

K+ ions, H+ ions, NH3 (ammonia), NH4 (ammonia ions), creatine, certain drugs

Answer 51

substances secreted by renal tubules and collecting ducts

Question 52

limits the rate at which a substance can be transported

Answer 52

number of carrier proteins

Question 53

micturition

Answer 53

urination

Question 54

involuntarily begins contracting

Answer 54

detrusor muscle (smooth muscle)

Question 55

under parasympathetic control, relaxes

Answer 55

internal urethral sphincter

Question 56

under voluntary control by somatic nervous system, tells this muscle to contract/relax

Answer 56

external urethral sphincter (skeletal muscle)

Question 57

urethra that's shorter than males

Answer 57

females

Question 58

increases number of UTI's

Answer 58

shorter urethras

Question 59

have an increased rate of incontinence

Answer 59

females

Question 60

this sex's urethral opening is located between the symphysis pubis and vagina

Answer 60

female