urinary system

Question 1

ureters

Answer 1

anatomy:
- a retroperitoneal, muscular 37 cm tube that passes from kidney to the urinary bladder.

3 layered wall:
- the adventitia: a connective tissue layer that binds the ureter to surrounding tissue
- the muscularis: consisting of longitudinal and circular fibers that produce peristaltic waves
- the mucosa: a transitional epithelium that surrounds a narrow lumen.

action:
-

Question 2

how much of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive?

Answer 2

21%

Question 3

gross anatomy of the urinary bladder

Answer 3

location:
- muscular sac on the floor of the pelvic cavity - inferior to the peritoneum and dorsal to the pubic symphysis

function:
- can stretch (full bladder vs empty)

consists of:
- detrusor: muscular layer
- rugae: wrinkles of mucosa
- trigone: triangular region on floor of bladder defined by two ureter inlets and one urethra outlet

Question 4

function of renal corpuscle

Answer 4

filters blood plasma in glomerular filtration

Question 5

function of nephron

Answer 5

• functional unit of the kidney- receives and filters blood plasma, and converts it to urine in three stages (glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, water conservation)
• consists of renal corpuscle (filters blood plasma) and renal tubule (converts filtrate into urine)

Question 6

what are the normal, final compositions of the urine?

Answer 6

consists of water, urea (most abundant), inorganic salts, creatinine, ammonia, and pigmented products of blood breakdown

Question 7

3 layers of connective tissue that surround and enclose the kidney and their relationship to adjacent organs and the peritoneum

Answer 7

• renal fascia: immediately deep to the parietal peritoneum (fused), binds kidney and associated organs to the abdominal wall
• perirenal fat capsule: a layer of adipose tissue, cushions the kidney and holds it in place
• fibrous capsule: encloses the kidney and protects it from trauma and infection