Urinary System

Question 1

Functional unit of kidney

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

Describe the pathway of filtration in the kidneys

Answer 2

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henly, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, minor calyces, major calyces, pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder

Question 3

How many minor calyces per kidney

Answer 3

4-13

Question 4

How many major calyces per kidney

Answer 4

2-3

Question 5

Name the top of the kidney, above the pelvis

Answer 5

Hilium

Question 6

Superficial to deep, name the components of the kidney

Answer 6

Cortex, medulla, columns & pyramids, papillae, minor calyces, major calyces, pelvis. And renal sinus lay between calyces.

Question 7

Name retroperitoneal structures.

Answer 7

Suprarenal glands, Abdominal aorta & IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureters, Colon (ascending and descending), Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum

Question 8

Name the layers of fascia and fat around kidneys

Answer 8

Kidney-Perirenal fat-renal fascia-pararenal fat

Question 9

Location of kidney’s

Answer 9

T12-L2/3 in supine, may drop about 1 in standing, and move up & down with respiration about 1 in

Question 10

Where do ureters cross the common iliac a.

Answer 10

at the bifurcation

Question 11

After crossing the common iliac a., what are the different pathways the ureters take in males and females?

Answer 11

Males: along lateral pelvic wall to bladder
Females: under broad ligament, lateral to cervix and lateral fornix of vagina to baldder

Question 12

Name the surfaces of the urinary bladder

Answer 12

Superior, inferolateral x2, posterior/inferoposterior=base

Question 13

Main structures of the urinary bladder.

Answer 13

Apex, superior-lateral angles, neck, internal urethral sphincter, median umbilical ligament

Question 14

Another name for rectovesical pouch

Answer 14

Douglas’s pouch

Question 15

Name the pouches in the rectopubic spaces.

Answer 15

Males: Rectovesical pouch
Female: Vesicouterine pouch

Question 16

What is the capacities of the bladder?

Answer 16

500ml and at 200-350ml will feel the urge to urinate

Question 17

What are the main features of the bladder?

Answer 17

Muscular wall (detrusor m.) and the vesical trigone (interureteric ridge, trigonal m.=g spot)

Question 18

Vascular supply to urinary bladder

Answer 18

Superior, middle, inferior vesical a. From umbilical a. from ANT trunk of internal iliac.
Nerve supply= Sacral splancnics (S2-S4) and hypogastric plexus (T1-L2/3)

Question 19

Length of male and female urethra

Answer 19

Female: About 4 cm
Male: About 15-29 cm

Question 20

Name the parts of the male urethra

Answer 20

Pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy

Question 21

Another name for unination

Answer 21

Micturition

Question 22

Process of urination

Answer 22

Optimal urine stimulates stretch receptors in bladder wall, causes reflex reaction of levator ani m. neck descends, opening urethral orifice, voluntary levator ani m. activated for short term control