Urinary sys Flashcards
What is the function of the urinary sys?
Regulates blood volume
Filters waste + excess substances from blood, maintains electrolyte balance
Regulates blood pH
Name the components/organs of the urinary sys + their functions?
Components: kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
The kidney filters blood, producing urine, which is then transported to bladder via ureters + eliminated through the urethra
List the process involved in the urine production
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion
Filtration occurs in the nephron’s corpuscle, where substances smaller than albumin are filtered.
Reabsorption + secretion occur in the renal tubules
Follow a droplet of blood from Renal artery, and back to Renal vein
Renal artery –> Segmental arteries–> interlobular arteries–> arcuate arteries–> cortical radiate arterioles–> Glomerulus (filtration occurs here) –> Efferent arterioles –> peritubular capillaries –> cortical radiate veins–> arcuate veins –> interlobular veins –> Renal veins
Name the outer + inner layer of kidney
Outer layer: Renal cortex
Inner layer: Renal Medulla
Conical-shped structures located in the renal medulla are called…
Renal pyramid
The extended end of the uters is called …
Renal pelvis
What is the point of entery + exit to + from the kidney is called
Hilum
List the arteries and veins as blood frows within kidney?
Renal artery–> Segmented arteries –> interlobular arteries–> acuate arteries–> cortical radiate arteries–> afferent arteries–> glomerulus (filteration occurs here)–> efferent arterioles–> peritubular capillaries–> cortical radiate veins–> arcuate veins
What is a nephron?
Nephron is the functional unit of the kindney
It consists of a renal corpuscle (head) + renal tubules
Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion occurs in diff parts of the nephron, leading to urine formation
The head of the nephron is called…
Renal corpuscle
The network of capillaries is called…
Glomerulus
Glomerulus capillaries are what type of capillaries ?
Fenestrated capillaries
the cover is called…
Bowmans capsule
Name the process of urine formation that takes place in the head of nephron. Explain how it occurs
Filtration is the process of urine formation that takes place in the head of the nephron
Substances smaller than albumin are filtered from the glomeruli to the bowman’s capsule
Name the tubular passageway of the nephron
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of henle, the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting tube
The tubes attached to the head of the nephron are the …
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) + distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
The tube attached to the collecting ducts is the…
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
The protion of the tube found in the middle if the …
Loop of Henle
What are the functions of the tubular of the nephron?
Reabsorption of H2O, ions, vitamins, and organic molecules
Secretion of waste products into tubules
List the structures + processes involved in urine formation + follow the flow of filtrate , tubular fluid, and urine from the corpuscle to urinary bladder
filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle
Reabsorption + secretion occur in the renal tubules, leading to the formation of tubular fluid
Tubular fluid is further processed, and the final product, urine, travels through ureters to urinary bladder
What is the primary function of Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Reabsorption of ions, H2O, Vits, and organic molecules through active + passive transport mechanism
What is the function of distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Secretion of waste products in the tubules
What is the function of hoop of Henle ?
Reabsorption of H2O + ions through active transport mechanism
The process of reabsorbtion involves…
Active + passive transport mechanism , where substances move from the tubules back into circulation
Active transport requires energy
Passive transport occurs b/c of concentration gradient
When blood pressure is low, how does the body respond? What is produced by the juxtaglomerular nephron?
Juxtaglomerular nephron produces renin
To increase BP the body activates…
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone sys (RAAS)
What is the role of renin?
Renin is an enzyme released by juxtaglomerular nephron
It coverts Angiotensinogen, produced by liver, to Angiotensin I
Andiotensin II stimulates the production of what by the CNS/adrenal gland?
Angiotensin II stimulates the production of antidiuristic hormone (ADH) by CNS + aldosterone by adrenal gland
Wy are ADH + Aldosterone produced?
To retain H2O + sodium, Increasing blood volume + thus elevating PB
What is the function of ADH/ Vasopressin?
Acts on the kidney to decrease urine production, conserving H2O
What is the function of Aldosterone?
Acts on kidney to increase the reabsorption of sodium + H2O + promote excretion of potassium
* Helping regulate BP + electrolyte balance
What is the hormone that decreases Urine production?
Antidiurestic hormone (ADH)
