Respiratory Sys Flashcards
Respiratory sys contains
Upper + lower respiratory tact
Upper respiratory tract contains
Nasal conchae + nasal hair
Pharynx
Sinus
Sinuses helps
lighten the skull + produce mucus that humidifies and filters the air
Nasal conchae helps
warm, filters, humidifies inhaled air
Nasal hair helps
Filter large particles
Pharynx divided into
Nasopharynx (upper most, behind nasal cavity)
Oropharynx (middle, behind oral cavity)
Laryngopharynx (lowest)
Hard+ soft palate
Located in the pharynx
form roof of mouth
aid speech, swallowing, breathing
Separate oral cavity from nasal cavity
Lower respiratory tract contains
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Larynx
opening to the glottis
Three large cartilages of the larynx
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis
Prevents food + H2O from entering lungs during swallowing by covering trachea
Functions of the larynx
Protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into trachea while breathing
Contains vocal cords + functions as a voice box = produces sound
Process of sound production
Air passes through the vocal cords = vocal cords vibrate = create sound waves in pharynx, nose, mouth
Trachea
Carry air to lungs
Composed of “C” shaped rings of cartilage that prevent it from collapsing
Bronchi branches
Into left + right primary bronchi
Secondary/ lobar bronchi
Tertiary/ segmental bronchi
Bronchial tree
branched airway leading from trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs
The membrane covering lungs is called
Pleural (serous) membranes
The pleura membrane consist of
Visceral pleura- covers outer surface of lungs, blood vessels, nerves, bronchi
**Parietal Pleura- **attaches to chest walls
Pleural cavity- btwn visceral + parietal filled w serous fluid
Number of lobes in each lung
Right lung: 3 lobe (superior, middle, inferior)
Left lung: 2 (superior + inferior)
Types of bronchioles
- Lobular bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
- Respiratory bronchioles
What is the connection of bronchioles to tertiary bronchi?
Tertiary bronchi divide into many smaller bronchioles that divide into terminal bronchioles, then to respiratory bronchioles, which divide into 2-11 alveolar ducts
Roles of surfactants
Chem that lowers surface tension at the air- liquid interface = prevent alveoli from collapsing
Internal respiration
Exchange of O2 + CO2 btwn tissues + capillaries cells
Process of internal respiration
O2 diffuses from capillaries into interstitial fluid + from intestinal fluid into cells
CO2 diffuses from cells into interstitial fluid + from interstitial fluid into capillaries
External respiration
aka breathing
Involves both bringing air into lungs (inhalation) + releasing air to atmosphere (exhalation)
Gas exchange occurs btwn air (atmosphere) in alveoli + capillaries
What is the movement of O2 + CO2 in external respiration?
O2 diffuses from High pressure (alveoli) to low pressure (pulmonary capillaries)
CO2 diffuses from high pressure (pulmonary capillaries) to low pressure (alveoli)
How is O2 transported by blood?
By binding to hemoglobin in RBCs = oxyhemoglobin
How is CO2 transported by blood?
7% dissolved in plasma
70% converted to carbonic ions
23% bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin
Dalton’s law
Pressure of gas determines the rate at which it will diffuse from region to region
Gas will diffuse from high pressure to low pressure
Boyle’s law
Pressure + volume are inversely (indirectly) proportional
Volume dec = pressure inc
Volume inc = pressure dec
Henry’s law
Amount of gas in solution is directly proportional partial pressure
more pressure= more gas
Inhalation
Diaphragm + intercostal muscles contract = thoracic cavity expand + air pressure dec = allow air to flow into lungs
Hering-Breuer reflex
Prevent lung over inflation by signaling the brain to stop inhalation
Exhalation
Muscles contract, thoracic cavity contracts + air pressure inc = forcing air our
Chemoreceptor reflexes
Regulate respiration, cardiac output, regional blood flow = ensure proper amount of O2 delivered to brain + heart
