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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Urinary Review > Flashcards

Urinary Review Flashcards

1
Q

Waste product made by the breakdown of nucleotides

A

Uric acid

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2
Q

Product made by muscle cells from breakdown of creatine phosphate

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

Aldosterone promotes the excretion of

A

Potassium

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4
Q

Substance released by the heart due to increased blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic hormone

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5
Q

Hormone secreted by kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

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6
Q

Dimensions of the kidney

A

6 cm wide 3 cm thick 12 cm long

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7
Q

Hormone that’s also an enzyme that allows the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone and regulate salt and water balance

A

Renin

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8
Q

What level of the spine is the kidney located

A

T 11 and T 12

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9
Q

Like granular superficial region of the kidney

A

Cortex

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10
Q

Two or three of these per kidney

A

Major calyx

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11
Q

Covering of kidney that is external to Renal fascia

A

Pararenal fat

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12
Q

covering of the kidney is the fatty mass that cushions

A

Perirenal fat

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13
Q

Location where major calyxes will fuse

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

A big ball of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

4 major components of a nephron

A

Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule , loop of nephron, distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

part of nephron made of epithelial cells rich in mitochondria

A

distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

structure shared by several nephrons that drains at the tip of the pyramid

A

Collecting duct

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18
Q

type of nephron we have the most of

A

Cortical

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19
Q

the blood vessel before the glomerular capillaries

A

Afferent arterial

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20
Q

blood vessel has most pressure of the kidney

A

Renal artery

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21
Q

3 processes that form urine

A

Glomerular filtration, Tubular secretion, tubular absorption

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22
Q

2 things that determine glomerular filterability

A

Molecular weight and charge of molecule

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23
Q

process that forms urine is where substances move from blood to capsule

A

Glomerular filtration

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24
Q

Angiotensinase is needed to convert angiotensinogen to

A

angiotensin 1

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25
Q

6 things that proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs

A

Glucose, water, urea, protein, creatine, uric acid, amino acid, lactic acid, citric, phosphate, sulfate, calcium, potassium, sodium

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26
Q

process to form urine is where substances move from the plasma of the peritubular capillaries into the fluid of the renal tubules

A

Tubular secretion

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27
Q

process that form urine require ATP

A

Tubular secretion

28
Q

Factors that increase gfr

A

Decrease renal blood flow

29
Q

1 moiety that moves with sodium as part of a symport

30
Q

process of absorption in the kidney is considered cell drinking

A

pinocytosis

31
Q

Reabsorption of sodium ions by active transport occurs where in the kidney

A

Distal convoluted tubule

32
Q

Aldosterone is what type of hormone

33
Q

Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of sodium where

A

Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

34
Q

What or where is the aldosterone synthesized

A

Adrenal cortex

35
Q

hormonal mechanism regulate renin secretion

A

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and prostaglandins

36
Q

Tension of what artery influences and regulates renin secretion

A

aphranet artery

37
Q

Clearance of a solute is also a measurement of

38
Q

the three tissue types that make up the tri-layered wall of the ureter

A

Transitional epithelium, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue

39
Q

Urinary bladder is connected anteriorly to the median umbilical ligament known as the what

A

urachus (median umbilical ligament)

40
Q

Triangular area that is clinically relevant outlines by the opening of ureters and the urethra

41
Q

sphincter for urethra that is involuntary

A

Internal urethral sphincter

42
Q

two urinary sphincters that are voluntary

A

Levator ani muscle and external urethral sphincter

43
Q

bloody urine

44
Q

4 things that can discolor urine

A

Jaundice, drugs, food, disease

45
Q

2 causes of oliguria

A

Hypotension or hypovolemia

46
Q

Persistent large increase in urine output usually associated with nocturia

47
Q

Peeing at night

48
Q

Osmolality and and urinalysis is used to determine what imbalances

49
Q

Precipitated proteins or cylindrical bodies in the urine are often seen normally when

A

after exercise

50
Q

Hydronephrosis

A

Water on the kidney

51
Q

common cause of hydronephrosis

A

Decrease in fat tissue surrounding kidney

52
Q

3 things that lead to uti

A

Sex, shorter urethra, proximity to anus, bacterial growth, urinary retention

53
Q

abnormality of the kidney is abnormal formation of proximal tubule

A

Tubular dysgenesis

54
Q

abnormality of urinary system is where there is a fusion of kidney

A

Horseshoe kidney

55
Q

abnormality of the kidney is reduced number of nephrons

A

oligomeganephronia

56
Q

Urine backing up from the bladder to the ureter

A

vesicular reflux

57
Q

Bladder infection

58
Q

kidney stones associated with

A

Ph imbalance, too much calcium, frequent uti, enlarged prostate,

59
Q

4 causes of incontinence

A

Stress, pregnancy, stroke, nervous system disease

60
Q

Peritoneal membrane filter that allows people to go about normal life even with kidney disease

61
Q

2 causes of urinary retention

A

General anesthesia, prostate problems

62
Q

Increased number or kidney infection or injury to the kidney caused by physical trauma can cause

A

Renal failure

63
Q

4 effects of angiotensin 2

A

Vasoconstriction, increased aldosterone secretion, increased thirst increased adh secretion

64
Q

4 functions of the urinary system

A

Excretion of metabolic waste , maintenance of water salt balance , maintenance of acid base balance, hormone secretion, reabsorb filtered nutrients

65
Q

Breakdown of amino acids in liver

66
Q

Region of kidney that exhibits a dozen cone shaped pyramids

A

Renal medulla

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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