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Anatomy and Physiology 2 > Urinary Review > Flashcards

Urinary Review Flashcards

1
Q

Waste product made by the breakdown of nucleotides

A

Uric acid

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2
Q

Product made by muscle cells from breakdown of creatine phosphate

A

Creatinine

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3
Q

Aldosterone promotes the excretion of

A

Potassium

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4
Q

Substance released by the heart due to increased blood volume

A

Atrial natriuretic hormone

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5
Q

Hormone secreted by kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production

A

EPO (erythropoietin)

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6
Q

Dimensions of the kidney

A

6 cm wide 3 cm thick 12 cm long

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7
Q

Hormone that’s also an enzyme that allows the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone and regulate salt and water balance

A

Renin

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8
Q

What level of the spine is the kidney located

A

T 11 and T 12

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9
Q

Like granular superficial region of the kidney

A

Cortex

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10
Q

Two or three of these per kidney

A

Major calyx

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11
Q

Covering of kidney that is external to Renal fascia

A

Pararenal fat

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12
Q

covering of the kidney is the fatty mass that cushions

A

Perirenal fat

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13
Q

Location where major calyxes will fuse

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

A big ball of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

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15
Q

4 major components of a nephron

A

Glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule , loop of nephron, distal convoluted tubule

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16
Q

part of nephron made of epithelial cells rich in mitochondria

A

distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

structure shared by several nephrons that drains at the tip of the pyramid

A

Collecting duct

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18
Q

type of nephron we have the most of

A

Cortical

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19
Q

the blood vessel before the glomerular capillaries

A

Afferent arterial

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20
Q

blood vessel has most pressure of the kidney

A

Renal artery

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21
Q

3 processes that form urine

A

Glomerular filtration, Tubular secretion, tubular absorption

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22
Q

2 things that determine glomerular filterability

A

Molecular weight and charge of molecule

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23
Q

process that forms urine is where substances move from blood to capsule

A

Glomerular filtration

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24
Q

Angiotensinase is needed to convert angiotensinogen to

A

angiotensin 1

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25
6 things that proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs
Glucose, water, urea, protein, creatine, uric acid, amino acid, lactic acid, citric, phosphate, sulfate, calcium, potassium, sodium
26
process to form urine is where substances move from the plasma of the peritubular capillaries into the fluid of the renal tubules
Tubular secretion
27
process that form urine require ATP
Tubular secretion
28
Factors that increase gfr
Decrease renal blood flow
29
1 moiety that moves with sodium as part of a symport
Glucose
30
process of absorption in the kidney is considered cell drinking
pinocytosis
31
Reabsorption of sodium ions by active transport occurs where in the kidney
Distal convoluted tubule
32
Aldosterone is what type of hormone
Steroid
33
Aldosterone causes the reabsorption of sodium where
Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
34
What or where is the aldosterone synthesized
Adrenal cortex
35
hormonal mechanism regulate renin secretion
Epinephrine, norepinephrine and prostaglandins
36
Tension of what artery influences and regulates renin secretion
aphranet artery
37
Clearance of a solute is also a measurement of
GFR
38
the three tissue types that make up the tri-layered wall of the ureter
Transitional epithelium, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue
39
Urinary bladder is connected anteriorly to the median umbilical ligament known as the what
urachus (median umbilical ligament)
40
Triangular area that is clinically relevant outlines by the opening of ureters and the urethra
Trigone
41
sphincter for urethra that is involuntary
Internal urethral sphincter
42
two urinary sphincters that are voluntary
Levator ani muscle and external urethral sphincter
43
bloody urine
Hematuria
44
4 things that can discolor urine
Jaundice, drugs, food, disease
45
2 causes of oliguria
Hypotension or hypovolemia
46
Persistent large increase in urine output usually associated with nocturia
polyuria
47
Peeing at night
nocturia
48
Osmolality and and urinalysis is used to determine what imbalances
Ionic
49
Precipitated proteins or cylindrical bodies in the urine are often seen normally when
after exercise
50
Hydronephrosis
Water on the kidney
51
common cause of hydronephrosis
Decrease in fat tissue surrounding kidney
52
3 things that lead to uti
Sex, shorter urethra, proximity to anus, bacterial growth, urinary retention
53
abnormality of the kidney is abnormal formation of proximal tubule
Tubular dysgenesis
54
abnormality of urinary system is where there is a fusion of kidney
Horseshoe kidney
55
abnormality of the kidney is reduced number of nephrons
oligomeganephronia
56
Urine backing up from the bladder to the ureter
vesicular reflux
57
Bladder infection
Cystitis
58
kidney stones associated with
Ph imbalance, too much calcium, frequent uti, enlarged prostate,
59
4 causes of incontinence
Stress, pregnancy, stroke, nervous system disease
60
Peritoneal membrane filter that allows people to go about normal life even with kidney disease
capd
61
2 causes of urinary retention
General anesthesia, prostate problems
62
Increased number or kidney infection or injury to the kidney caused by physical trauma can cause
Renal failure
63
4 effects of angiotensin 2
Vasoconstriction, increased aldosterone secretion, increased thirst increased adh secretion
64
4 functions of the urinary system
Excretion of metabolic waste , maintenance of water salt balance , maintenance of acid base balance, hormone secretion, reabsorb filtered nutrients
65
Breakdown of amino acids in liver
Urea
66
Region of kidney that exhibits a dozen cone shaped pyramids
Renal medulla

Anatomy and Physiology 2 (3 decks)

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